Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Plural serial diverse syntheses – To produce unsaturate
Patent
1993-05-10
1997-09-23
Myers, Helane
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Plural serial diverse syntheses
To produce unsaturate
585310, 585314, 585654, 568697, 196105, C07C 503
Patent
active
056707037
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a process and an installation for producing liquid fuels and raw chemicals from crude petroleum within the framework of a refinery process.
A refinery process conventionally includes a combination of numerous physical and chemical partial processes. Among these are particularly the processes for distillation (at various pressures), catalytic reformation, hydrorefining, and the cracking of higher hydrocarbons. In the following, the hydrocarbons are abbreviated and designated, depending on the number of carbon atoms, by C.sub.2, C.sub.3, C.sub.4, C.sub.5.sup.+ (five or more carbon atoms).
A rough diagram of such a refinery process, according to the prior art, is shown in FIG. 1. In a distillation unit (DEST), crude petroleum (CRUDE) is split into a series of different fractions which are generally not homogeneous materials, but rather mixed products.
A relatively light fraction (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10, H.sub.2 S) exits the distillation unit as head product and is separated into a gaseous phase and a liquid phase in a storage vessel (ACCU). The lightest components (C.sub.1, C.sub.2, H.sub.2 S) are fed to an installation (ASR) in which sulfur is removed by amines. The resulting products are a gas flow G and a quantitative flow (S) of sulfur.
The heavier components (raw naphtha, predominantly C.sub.3 to C.sub.10) are fed to a naphtha hydrating treatment (VNHDT) from the storage vessel (ACCU), but can also be sold directly as raw chemicals or feedstock (CF). The naphtha hydrating treatment produces a marketable naphtha (NA), but this can also be processed further by means of catalytic reformation (CREF) in which in particular a hydrogen-rich gas (H.sub.2 R) and gasolines (reformates REF, predominantly C.sub.5-C.sub.10) are formed. For the rest, mixtures of material comprising liquid gas (LPG) (predominantly C.sub.3 and C.sub.4) occur in the naphtha hydrating treatment (VNHDT) and in the catalytic reformation (CREF). Some C.sub.5 components can also be removed from the naphtha hydrating treatment (VNHDT). These intermediate products (predominantly C.sub.3 -C.sub.5) are then divided into various fractions in a fractionating installation (VRU). The remaining gaseous components which are still contained (particularly H.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, C.sub.1, C.sub.2) are fed to the aforementioned gas flow G, while the other fractions (C.sub.3, C.sub.4, C.sub.5) are further processed to form various gasoline products (GP) in subsequent (parallel) process steps (AIDP) which can include alkylation, isomerization, dimerization, as well as polymerization.
The kerosine and diesel fractions which are separated out in the distillation unit (DEST) are subjected to desulfurization and hydration (HDS) respectively, whereupon they represent salable products.
The lighter part of the heavy hydrocarbons is fed to a catalytic cracking installation (FCC), but can also be used as heavy fuel oil (FO). The bottom product of the distillation unit (DEST) is likewise supplied to the catalytic cracking installation (FCC) after undergoing vacuum distillation (VDEST). If necessary, cracking can also be effected accompanied by the addition of hydrogen. The resulting gaseous fraction (C.sub.1, C.sub.2, NH.sub.3, H.sub.2 S) is guided into the ASR installation, while the liquid gas components (C.sub.3, C.sub.4) are directed into the fractionating installation (VRU) as LPG. If diesel proportions occur they are fed to the diesel flow (DIE). The essential end product formed in the cracking installation (FCC) is a flow of high-grade motor gasoline (FCCG). The remaining heavy hydrocarbons, as well as the bottom product occurring in the vacuum distillation (VDEST) which can be additionally subjected to a thermal cracking process (VISBR), are used as heavy fuel oil (FO).
FIG. 2 shows a similar refinery process also belonging to the prior art. In this case, instead of a catalytic cracker (FCC), a hydrocracker (HYCR) is used which supplies cracked products of different quality and quantitative composition. The latter
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Barendregt Simon
Monfils Jean Lucien
Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft
Myers Helane
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