Electric heating – Metal heating – Cutting or disintegrating
Patent
1983-06-01
1987-02-03
Pellinen, A. D.
Electric heating
Metal heating
Cutting or disintegrating
20412946, 2041795, 204217, 204224M, 219 69R, 219 69C, 219 69D, 219 69G, 219 69V, B23H 504, B23H 506, B23H 730
Patent
active
046410074
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process and a device for the treatment of metal-bonded workpieces of nonconductive hard materials. Treatment in this case means the change of the shape or condition of the relevant material. It may include separating, shaping or post-shaping, sharpening or post-sharpening.
The metal-bonded workpieces of nonconductive material could be tools or parts of tools, of which the hard material can be polycrystalline synthetic diamonds, boron nitrides, oxide ceramics or the like. The tools can be saws, cutting blades, rotary tools, chisels, drills, milling cutters, levelling blocks, levelling rollers or grinding disks or the like.
The high-strength property of these materials, whereby the tools manufactured of these materials, in comparison with other tools, have longer stability and shorter working steps, leads to difficulties in the manufacture or post-grinding of these tools. The manufacture or post-treatment of these sorts of highly valuable tools causes their positive material properties to have a negative effect, and to present many problems to the manufacturer of these sorts of tools. Therefore special methods for the manufacture and post-treatment of these tools are always being sought which also fulfill the requirements of economy and precision. Numerous processes have been disclosed to shape the special tool materials such as synthetic diamonds or the like.
Recently, attempts have been made to treat at least the naturally nonconductive high strength materials electrically. Either the nonconductive crystals have been treated mechanically in a complex process, wherein in addition to the drilling, a supplementary electrical discharge can be used (U.S. Pat. No. 2,552,582), DE-PS No. 856 874), or small parallel guided wire electrodes are brought near to or into contact with the diamond, so that the discharge acts on the diamonds (U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,137). These tests did not lead to industrial manufacture of tools. Their uses are limited to special situations, such as for example in space travel.
Processes are also known to attack the metallic bonding material between the crystals of synthetic diamonds with treatment by electro- or spark erosion, which is advantageous particularly in the manufacture or post-treatment of polycrystalline synthetic diamond cutting surfaces (EP-No. A2 10 276=EP-No. A1 79 103 949.9). The surface roughness which is thus obtained may even be useful up to a certain cutting quality. However, if higher quality surfaces are required, these surface roughnesses which result from the distribution and size of the hard material particles in the metal bonding can no longer be tolerated.
The object of the present invention is therefore a process and device for the manufacture or post-treatment of the aforementioned tools with metal-bonded nonconductive high-strength materials with treated working surfaces which require a still higher surface quality.
The solution of this problem according to the invention is staggeringly simple, wherein opposite the workpiece which serves as an electrode in the electro- or spark erosion system is found a second electrode, also a metal-bonded tool, particularly a grinding tool, which, in its metal bonding, also has high-strength, nonconductive materials, such as polycrystalline synthetic diamonds.
It is known to use moving metal parts as an electrode for pure metal treatment, but not for the treatment of workpieces with polycrystalline synthetic diamonds. Thus, rotating copper electrodes are used in electro-erosion countersinking in metal. The rotating metal part thus works only electrically. As a result of the rotation, a spark is distributed and electrode overheating is avoided. Contact between electrode and workpiece never occurs. Such contact is avoided by complex control to avoid destruction or deformation of the rotating soft metal electrode.
Furthermore, it is known to use wire spark erosion machines for pure metal treatment, in which the thin wire consisting substantially of copper is moved rapidly along its axis. Also
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Evans Geoffrey S.
Pellinen A. D.
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