Gas separation: processes – Liquid contacting – And degasification of a liquid
Patent
1995-05-12
1998-06-09
Chiesa, Richard L.
Gas separation: processes
Liquid contacting
And degasification of a liquid
552574, 95204, 95261, 96216, 261DIG7, 261DIG27, 426477, B01D 1900, B01F 304
Patent
active
057626871
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for solution of a quantity of gas in a quantity of flowing liquid and a system for application of the process.
A process of the type indicated above and a system for application of the process are from WO-A-8802276. The separation unit used in the known device features a partition permeable to bubblefree liquids, said partition retaining gas bubbles in the circulating liquid.
Another device that documents the state of the art for solution of a quantity of gas in a quantity of flowing liquid is known, for example, from the commercial publication "Haffmans CO.sub.2 Measurement and Control System," Model AGM-05, made by Haffmans B. V., RD Venlo, the Netherlands, pages 2 to 5. In the device described in this publication, CO.sub.2 gas and beer are brought together in a so-called carbonizing unit in order to apply the process. In this instance a CO.sub.2 line ends in the center of a beer line and the CO.sub.2 gas is distributed by way of static mixing elements. In a solution section connected downstream from the carbonizing unit additional static mixing elements perform the function of maintaining the distribution of bubbles, a prerequisite for reaching the goal of mass transfer (absorption of gas by liquid).
The process engineering and fluid mechanical prerequisites for gas/liquid mass transfer are sufficiently well known. The gas must be introduced into the liquid, dispersed in it, and distributed uniformly over the cross-section through which the liquid flows. The so-called equilibrium curve, the solution balance of gas and liquid, yields the maximum amount of gas soluble in the liquid at a given line pressure and given temperature. The amount of gas resulting from solution equilibrium can in theory be dissolved in the liquid only over an interval of infinite length if it is offered to the liquid in precisely this amount. Consequently, achievement of solution equilibrium is generally rejected in practical applications and selection of the proper variable operating parameter ensures that a sufficient concentration gradient will arise between the equilibrium concentration (as well as saturation concentration) and the actual concentration which is ultimately established. It is also sufficiently well known that absorption is complicated by low pressure, high temperature, high theoretical concentration of the gas to be dissolved, and, very generally speaking, low rate of flow. The pressure loss in the static mixer and in the solution section connected to it leads, at least gradually, to constantly decreasing static pressure over the flow path, and it is this pressure which determines the local equilibrium concentration. Reduction of the latter leads in turn to decrease in the effective concentration gradient, which is decisive in determining the mass transfer.
Inasmuch as the known devices serve the purpose of solution of a given quantity of gas in a specific amount of flowing liquid with sufficiently well known means, no advantages from the viewpoint of process engineering or apparatus are to be obtained with this device.
In his search for a process and device for intensification of mass transfer, ones with which the obtainable mass transfer can be improved in the above-named carbonizing unit in conjunction with the downstream solution section, the specialist encounters in the journal Chem.-Ing.-Tech 64 (1992), No. 8, page 762, a study on the subject of "Simulation of a Loop-type Bubble Column into which Gas is Introduced from the Top and Measurement of Hydrodynamic Parameters." The following statement, among others, is made in the study:
"Use is made increasingly of stream-driven loop-type bubble reactors to apply gas to low-viscosity liquids in the chemical industry and in biological waste water treatment. The gas and the liquid are introduced into a compact reactor through a two-component nozzle mounted on the top of the reactor. This nozzle may be used in both ejector operation and injector operation. The mixture of gas and liquid introduced thro
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Haffmans, CO.sub.2 Analyser and Controller, Type AGM-05, Undated.
Chiesa Richard L.
Otto Tuchenhagen GmbH & Co. KG
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