Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-23
2003-02-25
Levy, Neil S. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
C424S405000, C424S409000, C424S417000, C514S341000, C514S479000, C514S481000, C119S171000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06524603
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a process for the antiparasitic treatment of the surroundings of animals, in particular of animal litter and of rearing buildings, in particular for the purpose of protecting them against parasites from the darkling beetle family.
In the present text, animal litter is taken in the broad sense, that is to say that this term comprises beds made of plant or other material on which the animals lie or gather, including open-air sites or places, in particular those of the “feed lot” type in North America.
The invention also encompasses the treatment of liquid manure, in particular in the vicinity of animal rearing sites. The invention applies to the litter and liquid manure of all types of animals but is very particularly applied in the avian field (in particular chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, ducks, geese and laying hens). The invention also applies to ready-to-use litter or to litter components treated by the process according to the invention.
The intensive rearing of animals intended for consumption results in a large number of animals being confined in a restricted space. This applies both to small animals, such as poultry and rabbits and others, and to large animals, such as cattle, pigs and the like.
Broilers are, for example, reared for 8 weeks on average. Between two groups, that is to say between two rearing cycles, the breeder generally cleans the site, with the site being left empty for several days for health reasons.
However, the frequency at which breeders clean the rearing area and more particularly the litter is always limited by rearing requirements. Animal rearing sites are therefore centres for the development of parasites in the general sense, including insects. This naturally has a direct impact on the sanitary condition of the sites and on the health of the animals and indirectly on rearing productivity.
Poultry litter is basically composed of materials of plant origin, such as, for example, sawdust or wood chippings, with which dejecta or excrement from the animals will be mixed in time. As the litter is not changed at each rearing cycle, the thickness of the soiled litter frequently reaches several tens of centimetres. In particular, beetles from the Tenebrionidae family, also known as darkling beetles, develop therein. The treatment of poultry litter is a problem which is particularly difficult to solve in that any product used to treat this litter has a tendency to be absorbed by the litter, either by the excrement which is found therein or by the plant matter which is found therein. Moreover, the continuous arrival of fresh excrement tends to isolate the insecticidal materials from the site to be treated.
Darkling beetles comprise various species. One of the main species is
Alphitobius diaperinus;
this species is particularly well controlled by the present invention. Another darkling beetle species is
Tenebrio molitor.
Another species of parasite which infests poultry litter is
Dermestes maculatus.
The presence of these parasites, especially darkling beetles, has two impacts with serious economic consequences.
The first impact is on the growth of the poultry. In poultry rearing, the speed of the rearing cycle is an economically determining factor and the least disturbance to food intake has consequences for the growth of the animals. Now, these beetles are ingested by poultry, and particularly by chicks, and they can then cause slow-down in growth.
The second impact is on the very structure of the rearing buildings. In fact, at the adult stage, in particular between two rearing cycles, the adult beetles can ascend into the structures of the buildings and lay their eggs there. The larvae, before redescending into the litter, have a tendency to devour the heat-insulation materials, such as polystyrene. Now, poultry is very sensitive to the temperature, so that the consequences of such a deterioration can be catastrophic with respect to the progression of the rearing. The rearing buildings must therefore frequently be repaired or replaced.
Laying hens and rabbits are both raised on gratings and their dejecta or excrement are continuously discharged and generally stored in the vicinity of the rearing buildings. The liquid manure which thus accumulates itself also exhibits the disadvantages cited above with respect to the sanitary condition of the sites and the health of the animals.
Another problem frequently encountered is the presence of flies, in particular the house fly, the larvae of which develop within the soiled litter and the liquid manure. These flies are a nuisance both to animals and to man, in and in the vicinity of the animal rearing site. In addition, these flies can be the vector for infectious agents and can be responsible for epidemic pathologies.
Darkling beetles are insects/parasites which are particularly difficult to remove. This difficulty is illustrated by the fact that there is only a single product which has been successful commercially: this is the product known under the name of carbaryl [1-naphthyl methylcarbamate]. This is all the more surprising since this product is an old product, being at least forty years old, and although a number of insecticides have been developed since, none has been in a position to supplant carbaryl with respect to poultry. Unfortunately, carbaryl is a product which, in a number of respects, has a limited performance, both as regards effectiveness and as regards the duration of this effectiveness. An explanation for this currently existing lack of worthwhile products probably results from the difficulty of treating animal litter, as has been explained above.
A first object of the invention is to provide a process and compositions which can completely or partially solve the problems indicated above.
Another object of the invention is to provide means for combating darkling beetles or insects from the Tenebrionidae family, especially
Alphitobius diaperinus.
Another object of the invention is to provide means for combating parasitic insects commonly found in animal litter and known under the name of
Dermestes maculatus
or under the name of insects from the Tenebrionidae family, such as
Alphitobius diaperinus
and Tenebrio molitor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the antiparasitic treatment of floors, litter or liquid manure which is particularly effective against darkling beetles and flies, while being easy and practical to use in commercial rearing, especially poultry rearing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the antiparasitic treatment of sites where poultry lives or should live, the said sites being infested or capable of being infested by darkling beetles.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a process which only requires treatments at widely spaced intervals and even, in particular in the case of the rearing of broilers, which only requires a single treatment per rearing cycle, before installing the young animals.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a process suitable for the preparation of litter components or of ready-to-use litter which have been treated against these parasites, in particular for the whole of their period of use.
These objects are met in whole or in part by the present invention.
A subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the antiparasitic treatment of sites infested or capable of being infested by darkling beetles, in which an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one compound corresponding to the formula (I) defined below is applied to the said site.
According to another aspect, a subject of the present invention is a process for the antiparasitic treatment of sites infested or capable of being infested by darkling beetles, in which an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one compound corresponding to the formula (I) is applied to the said site, the said sites comprising floors, litter, liquid manure or the like.
According to another aspect, a subject of the present inv
Smith James William
Yenne Samuel Perry
Burns Doane Swecker & Mathis L.L.P.
Levy Neil S.
Rhone-Poulenc Agro
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