Distillation: processes – separatory – Water purification only
Patent
1992-03-13
1994-05-31
Bascomb, Jr., Wilbur
Distillation: processes, separatory
Water purification only
203 22, 203 49, 203DIG1, 159903, 159DIG28, 202177, 202180, 202234, 202266, B01D 302, C02F 114
Patent
active
053166264
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for producing fresh water from water containing impurities.
It also relates to the installation for implementing the process according to the invention.
The term "water containing impurities" is understood to include seawater, brackish water, swamp water, or industrial waste water.
An installation is known (African Intellectual Property Organization Document 3323) that includes a span covered with a structure permeable to solar radiation, forming a greenhouse, into which the water to be treated is brought by flowing by gravity.
At least indirectly under the influence of the solar radiation, this water is evaporated in the air trapped under the structure.
By a convection current, the air, more or less laden with water vapor, is carried to a temperature exchanger in which the vapor is condensed and collected, while the dried air is then recycled to the greenhouse or vented to the atmosphere.
In the known installations, the major disadvantage is the low yield.
To increase this yield, the air must be saturated faster; frequently, means for atomizing the water containing impurities in the air trapped under the structure are used for this purpose.
These atomizing means are expensive to maintain, because they carry the water containing impurities and accordingly are especially subject to clogging and to attack, for example by the salt contained in the water.
One of the objects the invention seeks to attain is to overcome the above problems.
To this end, the invention relates to a process of the type described above, characterized in particular in that the evaporation of the water containing impurities is done on mounds of capillary material scattered and distributed over the entire span of the evaporation chamber, between which mounds the fluid containing impurities is made to circulate.
It also relates to the installation implementing this process.
The invention will be better understood from the ensuing description made by way of non-limiting example, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which schematically show the following:
FIG. 1: an installation seen in profile;
FIG. 2: a variant embodiment of the installation;
FIG. 3: a section taken along the line X--X of FIG. 1.
In these drawing figures, reference numeral 1 corresponds to the water to be treated, and reference numeral 2 to the water produced; the arrow with three arrow heads represents the air circulation, and the arrow with one arrow head and two circles represents the water circulation.
The installation is constituted by a structure S oriented toward the sun, which is quasi-sealed off from the air to prevent any escape of air to the atmosphere and is permeable to solar radiation in order to create a maximum greenhouse effect on its internal face.
This structure is inclined and rises from a preheating and reheating zone A, where the entrance of the air occurs, to an exchanger C where the water is introduced.
The nature of its material is resistant to ultraviolet and infrared radiation and withstands a temperature of at least 110.degree. C.
This structure is weather-resistant and is flexible or rigid, with single, double or triple walls, depending on its geographic location and on the level of investment involved.
The structure is inclined from the air entrance toward the water entrance in order to allow the air to rise toward the exchanger.
The inclination of the structure S enables the recovery of any rainwater that may occur and cleaning of its upper face (from sand deposits, for instance).
The structure used may be convex, so as to enable concentration of the solar radiation, on the one hand, and on the other to enable suitable orientation, regardless of the site orientation or the solar azimuth. Under this structure S, where a maximum greenhouse effect prevails, are, first, a preheating and reheating chamber A for the air and then an evaporation chamber V, where characteristically the evaporation is done on mounds B of capillary material, which are scattered and distributed over the entire span o
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