Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
Patent
1988-12-01
1990-09-18
Valentine, Donald R.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
204237, 204268, 204269, 204270, C25C 112, C25C 700, C25C 706
Patent
active
049576119
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process and apparatus for an electro-deposition of a removable copper layer or sheet or the cathodic sides of bipolar lead electrodes.
It is well known in the art that when a solution of copper sulphate, CuSO.sub.4, is subjected to electrolysis into an electrolytic cell, the positive ions Cu.sup.++ perform a migration towards the negative pole or cathode, where the electrons coming from the outer circuit will be neutralized, so as to create a layer or deposit of metallic copper on the electrode.
Of course, said layer of metallic copper is created at charge of the cupric ions of the electrolytic solution. Therefore, if a replacement of those ions, which have been removed with a new supply of new ions, would not be provided, said ions will be very soon exhausted and therefore the process should stop.
The replacement of new Cu.sup.++ ions in the electrolytic solution,--which is necessary for the operation of any electrolytic process,--can e obtained either by the direct solubilization of the metal, i.e. by the use of copper anodes, which, under the effect of the passage of the electric current, are caused to pass in the solution, or by a supply of a regenerated solution, i.e. enriched in Cu.sup.++ ions, in substitution of that one which gets weaker and weaker of said ion content.
As result thereof, the production of the copper layers can be carried out according to the following two procedures:
By the use of soluble electrodes; i.e. by subjecting copper electrodes, as anodes, to an electrolysis process, so that, under the effect of the electric current, copper passes in the solution in an amount equal to that of the copper that deposits on the cathodes;
By the use of insoluble electrodes, as anodes; i.e. by the use of insoluble electrodes (usually lead electrodes); in this case it will be necessary to make up for the loss of cupric ions, which, when they deposit on the cathode at their metal state, are thus removed from the solution, so that it becomes necessary that they have to be replaced by means of an addition of a solution enriched by Cu.sup.++ ions.
The electrolytic process is usually carried out in tanks which contain: the electrolytic solution of copper sulphate acidified by sulphuric acid; and a plurality of electrodes consisting of an alternating succession of anodes and cathodes dipped into said solution. Said tanks are provided with electric connectors for the feeding of electric current to said electrodes. In its turn, an electrolysis plant, is constituted of a plurality of electrolysis tanks.
It is also known the U.S. Pat. No. 1,738,372 which discloses an apparatus for an electrodeposition of metals from solutions of their salts.
The apparatus comprises a succession of electrolyzing cells formed by a number of closely positioned electrodes in the form of sheets, normally insoluble, separated by electrically insulating perforated packing pieces, and held together in a pack, but disassemblable formation by pressing means, in particular by an adjustable longitudinal through screw. In said apparatus, therefore, the electrolyte flow passes through the succession of electrolytic cells.
As far as the electrolytic processes are concerned, it is also known that they differ from each other, by the manner by which the electric connection of the electrodes is performed, being possible to arrange the electrodes, either "in parallel" or "in series".
Unlike the arrangement "in parallel"usually employed in the process, either with the use of soluble electrodes, or with the use of insoluble electrodes, the arrangement "in series" has been up to the present applied only with the use of soluble electrodes, formed by plates made of copper to be refined, which,--as the current passes therethrough under effect of the electric field--, are charged, positively on one side and negatively on the opposite one thereof, so that the material of the electrodes passes in the solution from the positive side thereof, i.e. the anodic side, and at the same time on the negative side, i.e. the cathodic si
REFERENCES:
patent: 1738372 (1929-12-01), Edgeworth-Johnstone
patent: 4025413 (1977-05-01), Nightingale et al.
patent: 4033839 (1977-07-01), Harvey et al.
patent: 4061559 (1977-12-01), Kitamura et al.
patent: 4282082 (1981-08-01), Cook et al.
patent: 4377445 (1983-03-01), Grimes
Sokolski Edward A.
Valentine Donald R.
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