Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Bleaching
Patent
1981-03-05
1983-01-18
Clingman, A. Lionel
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Bleaching
81491, 8155, 8158, 8919, 68207, D06L 300
Patent
active
043690351
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to liquid treatment of fiber material and concerns, for instance, the dyeing or bleaching of yarn in the shape of crosswound bobbins, or pieces in the shape of rolls, or also loose material which, for instance, may be treated when packaged, with the invention having herein its objective in achieving a treatment time shorter than required hitherto, and effecting savings by reducing expenditure.
It is known how to perform liquid treatment of fiber material, for instance dyeing and bleaching of textile material, by applying a vacuum in such a manner that the material to be treated is placed into a container, the container evacuated and the preheated treatment fluid then filled into the container, as described in DE Letters Patent No. 19 27 651 and the corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 3,631,691. Since the air contained in the material is removed to the greatest extent by evacuation, the fluid will penetrate the material with greater facility. During the subsequent treatment phase, the fluid is then circulated by means of a pump arranged outside of the container and connected to two chambers arranged within the container, with both chambers being in communication only through the fiber material to be treated, so that, respectively, the treatment liquor or fluid will forcibly be conducted through the material under treatment and the treatment fluid will come into as close as possible a contact with the entire fiber material. This mechanically induced fluid flow will require a considerable quantity of mechanical energy and also costly equipment of the apparatus with a pump, piping and valves, the more so since it has been found that a repeated change of the direction of flow through the fiber material is required in order to obtain the highest possible degree of uniformity in the treatment of the fiber material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The aforenoted measures as known have already resulted in shortening the treatment time. The invention is based upon the finding that the treatment process may further be shortened and simplified without impairing the success of treatment, when treatment fluid is filled into the container after it has been evacuated, and by subsequently obtaining partial evaporation of the preheated treatment fluid by a reduction of pressure which will result in an intensive motion of the fluid without the need for mechanically induced fluid motion. If the pressure is lowered by a requisite degree, evaporation will ensue within the entire fluid volume and particularly within the fluid absorbed by the fiber material, so that, respectively, a fluid motion or agitation is obtained to accelerate treatment.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process for the liquid treatment of fiber material, particularly for dyeing and bleaching of yarn or textile piecegoods, wherein the fiber material is placed into a container and the preheated fluid filled into the container, in given instances after said container has been evacuated, with the fiber material being impregnated thereby, this process being characterized by the fluid filled into the container effecting, in essence, a motion caused by partial topical evaporation and thus acting upon the fiber material without requiring a mechanically induced flow.
Appropriate embodiments of the process are evidenced from the subordinate claims.
Treatment or, respectively, the activity of the fluid, may take place at subatmospheric, atmospheric, or superatmospheric pressure (static superatmospheric pressure within the system), so that the treatment temperature desired in each individual instance may be maintained.
Partial evaporation during the treatment phase will lead to lowering the treatment-fluid temperature. Such lowering may be accepted in certain circumstances. Since, however, severe cooling down of the fluid will occur in finishing (dyeing and bleaching) in spite of a relatively short treatment time, it will be appropriate to supply the fluid with a quantity of heat that will compensate the thermal loss, and th
REFERENCES:
patent: 3631691 (1972-01-01), Karrer et al.
patent: 3692464 (1972-09-01), Furness
patent: 3695827 (1972-10-01), Byrd
patent: 3871821 (1975-03-01), Winn et al.
patent: 3960487 (1976-06-01), Stritzko
patent: 3967923 (1976-07-01), Ameling
Karrer Fritz
Mellgren Per G.
Pedretti Alberto
Clingman A. Lionel
Striker Michael J.
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