Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Waste gas purifier
Patent
1994-05-16
1996-04-09
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Waste gas purifier
422169, 422170, 422175, 4221862, 588210, 588211, 588212, 588227, 16510434, B01D 5000, F01N 308, A61D 300, F28D 1500
Patent
active
055059090
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process and a device for detoxifying the waste gases from waste incinerating plants, in particular hazardous waste incinerating plants to eliminate toxic compounds such as organic halogen substances and hydrocarbons.
The invention is particularly provided for the complete elimination of dioxins, CFCs and other toxic substances from the waste gases of waste incinerating plants, in particular hazardous waste incinerating plants.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In addition to the waste dumps which can only be extended to a limited degree for space and acceptance reasons, waste incinerating plants represent practically the one and only problem solution for the elimination of existing waste products for the disposal of industrial and communal waste products, the operating of waste and hazardous waste incinerating plants or the construction of new plants also meeting with increasing resistance and decreasing acceptance. This is particularly attributable to the fact that, as was shown by more recent investigations, the waste gas purification of the waste incinerating plants is insufficient particularly in view of dioxins and other toxic chemical compounds.
The problem consists above all in that bonded chlorine is present in all industrial and communal waste products to a certain degree, which causes the formation of the highly toxic and especially feared higher chlorinated hydrocarbons, in particular dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, during combustion.
Considering this problem which has already been known for quite some time, the combustion temperature is bindingly fixed at values above 1200.degree. C. for the greatest possible avoidance or reduction of the formation of such compounds in the flue gas of the waste incinerating plant, this temperature being customarily achieved in the waste incinerating plants mostly by a high-temperature combustion stage connected downstream of the conventionally used rotary tubular kiln.
Nevertheless, it became apparent that emissions of dangerous substances occur in almost all waste incinerating plants despite this, which have a number of causes. These causes consist e.g. in that the combustion chambers in the rotary tubular kilns or in the high-temperature post-combustion allow temperature fields which are inhomogeneous in terms of space and time to occur in their interior due to heat surges at different points. In addition to this, the heterogeneity of the supplied waste products, e.g. as regards calorific values, composition, etc., requires a complex control of the undergrate firing performance or the batch combination in order to observe the required minimum temperatures.
Moreover, it was detected more recently that dioxins can also be formed at lower temperatures, e.g. in the range of 300.degree. to 400.degree. C. as they prevail in and downstream of the waste heat boiler of the incinerating plant, at a later point in time and independently of the high-temperature incinerating stage in the case of the presence of hydrocarbon residues from the combustion, chlorine-containing compounds and oxygen and in the presence of catalytically acting dusts.
Above all, not decomposed organic chloride substances from the combustion and the high-temperature combustion stage, and newly formed organic chloride substances from residual hydrocarbons not decomposed by the high-temperature combustion in the area of the waste heat boiler at temperatures between 300.degree. and 400.degree. C., are thus emission sources for hazardous products.
Since these disadvantages are in general inherent to hazardous waste incinerating plants (destruction efficiency for chlorinated hydrocarbons being 99.998% as a maximum) their ecopolitical acceptance is already basically questioned without alternative concepts for a waste product elimination without the use of incinerating plants having been actually made available so far.
Due to the waste eliminating capacity of such plants which, on the other hand, is high, efforts must above
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Dummersdorf Hans-Ulrich
Dummersdorf Heinz
Kim Christopher Y.
Maschinen-und Anlagenbau Grimma GmbH
Warden Robert J.
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