Fluid handling – Processes – Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
Patent
1986-12-11
1988-08-30
Walton, George L.
Fluid handling
Processes
Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
137341, 137828, 137884, 138 33, 219201, 219535, F16K 4900, F17D 118
Patent
active
047669225
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a procedure for forming cocks closable by freezing, belonging to a liquid batch handling unit, wherein the cocks are created by placing against each other two bodies in such manner that the cocks are established between the opposing faces of said bodies, one of said bodies comprising the flow passages leading to the cock points and the other body, connectable to a refrigerator, being provided with electric heating elements located at the cock points and by the aid of which the cocks can be opened and closed, and in said procedure thermal lagging material being placed in the area of the cocks for controlling their cooling and warming up, and parallel cocks being isolated from each other by allowing the gaps between them, between the faces of the bodies, to fill with liquid which freezes the gaps to be closed.
In the Finnish Pat. No. 57850 is disclosed a procedure and apparatus for handling liquid batches in which the handling takes place in a system consisting of storage or manipulation volumes and of passages connecting these, in this system each one of the passages between volumes being provided with at least one cock closable by freezing. Each cock is connected to a continuously operating refrigerator and provided with a separate electric heating element in such manner that the heating element when operating keeps the temperature of the cock above the freezing point of the liquid that is being handled, whereby the cock is open in this case, and when ceasing to operate allows the cock to freeze to be closed. The liquid handling taking place in the system, based on transferring liquid batches by the aid of differential pressure from given volumes to other volumes, is then achievable by means of electric control acting on the heating elements. The apparatus of the reference is particularly appropriate for use as an automatic analyzer in which the handling of liquid batches operates on the basis of differential pressure between the volumes and of electronic control of the heating elements, without any moving mechanical components whatsoever.
The apparatus of the Finnish Pat. No. 57850 consists of handling units of which the design is readable from FIGS. 1-6 in the reference. The unit comprises a body as shown in FIGS. 1-4, having liquid volumes serving e.g. as storage spaces, and of a plate-like matrix as shown in FIG. 5 placeable theragainst, this matrix containing electric resistances serving as heating elements. In FIG. 6 is seen a cock point belonging to the unit, which has been formed between said body and the matrix placed against it. The matrix is on the other side connected to a continuously operating refrigerator, and between the body and the matrix has been placed lagging material around the cock, this material serving as insulation between the cold refrigerator and the warm body comprising liquid volumes.
As the technology presented in the Finnish Pat. No. 57850 has been further developed into practical applications, it has been found that even though the cock design of the reference is serviceable as it is, it is still encumbered by several harmful drawbacks. First among these should be mentioned that the structure composed of a body containing liquid volumes, of a matrix containing electric resistances and of thermal lagging fixed between them by cementing and pressing is disadvantageous as a construction. This is because it is awkward work to disassemble the structure in the event that it becomes necessary to clean the cocks for relieving obstructions which may have plugged them, or if it is desired to change the construction of the handling unit. Furthermore, the liquid being handled tends to enter the gaps between the lagging and the bodies placed against it, freezing there and, as it expands, rupturing the fixations of the lagging. In addition, there is the drawback that it is not possible in the area of the cocks to elecit steep enough temperature gradients for creating the boundary surfaces between ice and liquid in the cocks exactly at the desired points wit
REFERENCES:
patent: 3351738 (1967-11-01), Kahn
patent: 3398262 (1968-08-01), Kahn
patent: 3695301 (1972-10-01), Pittman
patent: 3721255 (1973-03-01), Suzuki et al.
patent: 3733459 (1973-05-01), Lengstorf
patent: 4269212 (1981-05-01), Kaartinen
Collander Paul
Johansson Henrik
Kaartinen Niilo
Leinvuo Ahti
Fluilogic Systems Oy
Walton George L.
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