Measuring and testing – Miscellaneous
Patent
1984-07-18
1986-02-11
Levy, Stewart J.
Measuring and testing
Miscellaneous
277 59, 356342, G01M 1900
Patent
active
045692289
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a probe or sampling tube which can be introduced into a reaction container for detecting the operating condition of a solid, liquid or gaseous medium in the interior of the container, which medium is possibly under pressure and/or at a high temperature. At its lower end, the probe tube has a measuring sensor which represents the end of measuring lines which are passed through the hollow space inside the tube and which are taken out at the upper end thereof. The probe tube is usually provided with a sealing means which sealingly surrounds the measuring lines so that the medium which is to be subjected to the operation of determining the operating condition thereof cannot escape from the interior of the container by way of the probe tube. Probes of that kind operate on different measuring principles, for example with electrical conductors or optical fibres.
Probe tubes of the above-indicated kind are used for example to detect the operating condition of bulk materials, in the nature of solid bodies, in a container, for example the generation of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) or methane (CH.sub.4) in a reactor containing lignite or brown coal dust, or other containers. Containers of that kind are usually not under pressure and the temperature in the interior of the containers is not substantially above ambient temperature.
However, the operating condition within gasification reactors of the high temperature Winkler (HTW) kind or for the hydrogenating gasification of coal (HGC) can also be measured with probe tubes, by detecting the nature and amount of the gases of solid-like coal particles which are gasified in the fluidized bed. In that case, temperatures and pressures are considerably above the ambient values. Probe tubes of the above-indicated kind are also used in reaction vessels in the hydrogenating liquefaction of carbonaceous material; in that case, the temperatures are in the range of from 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. while the pressures are from 100 to 500 bar.
The condition of the medium in the interior of the container goes from highly fluid to pasty consistency, but at the same time there are also gaseous conditions.
Measuring probes which are introduced into a reaction container of the kind last mentioned, during operation of the arrangement, are used for example to obtain information about the fluid-dynamic conditions, that is to say, the size and speed of the bubbles of gases which are introduced into or produced in the container. In addition, probes are intended to give information about the proportion of the gaseous phase in the liquid medium and the distribution in respect of size of the bubbles.
For that purpose, two measuring lines, for example optical fibres, are passed in parallel relationship with each other through the length of the probe tube and brought together at its lower end to a measuring sensor, while at the upper end of the probe tube which projects out of the reaction container, the measuring lines are taken out of the tube and connected to the appropriate measuring instruments. Laser light for example is passed through the first optical fibre referred to above, and taken back through the other optical fibre. Gas bubbles which impinge onto the measuring sensor reflect a part of the incident laser light so that it can be detected by way of the measuring line which is taken out of the probe tube. The frequency and intensity of the reflection phenomena are for example a measurement in respect of the gaseous phase which is dissolved in the liquid medium.
A measuring sensor of the above-described kind is highly sensitive and must be protected from damage and other mechanical influences, for example pressure forces. It is also necessary for the location at which the measuring lines are taken through the probe tube to be so gas-tight that the medium in the reaction container cannot escape therefrom. Casting or sealing materials have been used for that purpose, the space inside the probe tube being filled wi
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Bauer Werner
Bellgardt Dieter
Ritter Gunter
Werther Joachim
Levy Stewart J.
Noland Tom
Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG
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