Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1995-06-19
1998-01-13
Myers, Carla J.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536 2433, 536 231, 435 6, 935 8, 935 78, C07H 2104, C12Q 168
Patent
active
057081590
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to a probe which is useful for detecting, identifying and diagnosing the causative fungi of infectious diseases.
BACKGROUND ART
In pathology, infection is defined as invasion and establishment of a foothold for growth in an organism by a pathogenic organism (hereinafter referred to as "bacterium"), then the outbreak of a disease caused by proliferation of the pathogenic organism in vivo depends upon the interrelationship between the resistance of the host and the virulence of bacteria.
In the infectious diseases, improvement in treatment methods of fungemia has been raised as an important issue, since the fungemia is a serious and urgent disease, in particular, if a patient is an infant suffering from cancer, the patient may die in a few days in its usual case, or die in one or two days in the terminal stage of the cancer with weakened resistance, therefore, the improvement in treatment methods thereof has been awaited.
In the infectious disease, phagocytes including neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages primarily work in defense of the body. In fungemia, appearance of fungi in the blood is thought as invasion of predominant fungi which have exuded from the texture of the phagocyte.
Bacteremia (including fungemia) is a state wherein the bacteria are exuded into the blood, and a large amount of antibiotic is administered to treat it wherein the causative bacteria are sensitive to the antibiotic. However, in general, since antibiotics lower the functions of the internal organ such as liver, it is necessary to pay an attention to reduce an administration of an ineffective antibiotic to a patient in a serious state.
When bacteremia is defined as a case wherein the ability of phagocytosis by cells cannot overcome the virulence of bacteria and then the bacteria spread through the blood in the whole body, generally, bacteremia with serious symptoms due to toxins produced by the bacteria is called as sepsis. Identification of sepsis, in the other word, establishment of its diagnosis requires checks on the following items: 1) clinical symptom, 2) culturing of specimen, 3) gram-staining of the bacteria contained in the specimen, and 4) shock state. Then, upon completing the checks on these items, the treatment method is determined. Accordingly, rapid and reliable identification of the bacteria has been awaited in the clinical site.
In the methods for detecting and identifying bacteria in a bacteremia-specimen, it is a common procedure to identify a specimen which has positive signal in a selective medium using a routine process by way of a culture bottle. However, it is actually quite difficult to successfully culture the bacteria from this blood specimen, moreover, if a large dose of antibiotic is administered when bacteremia was suspected, bacteria in the blood will not be cultured and grown in many cases in spite of the fact that bacteria are contained in the blood specimen, therefore, the rate of positive case by way of a culture bottle becomes extremely low.
Although available subroutine methods include instrumental analysis method of constituents of bacteria and metabolic products by bacteria (See Yoshimi Benno, "Quick identification of bacteria with gas chromatography", Rinsho Kensa, Vol. 29, No. 12, November 1985, Igaku Shoin.), a method utilizing a specific antibody (See Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 60-224068.), and a hybridization method utilizing a specificity of DNA (Japanese Phase Patent Provisional Publication No. 61-502376) have been developed, any of which is required separation of the bacteria, and culturing and growing of the bacteria.
On the other hand, as an established method based on the function of the phagocyte in infectious diseases, there is a method to examine a stained smear of buffy coat wherein leukocytes in the blood sample are concentrated, under an optical microscope. Generally speaking, the rate of detection of bacteria in buffy coat specimens from adult bacteremia patients is 30% at most, which is similar to that in
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Hirotsu Takuo
Keshi Hiroyuki
Matsuhisa Akio
Ohno Tsuneya
Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Myers Carla J.
Ohno Tsuneya
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