Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving nucleic acid
Patent
1995-03-27
1998-09-15
Myers, Carla J.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving nucleic acid
536 2432, 536 237, 536 2433, 935 6, 935 8, 935 9, 935 78, C12Q 168, C07H 2104
Patent
active
058076735
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to probes, prepared by making use of causative bacteria of infectious diseases, which are useful for detecting and identifying the causative bacteria.
BACKGROUND ART
In pathology, infection is defined as invasion and establishment of a foothold for growth in an organism by a pathogenic organism (hereinafter referred to as "bacteria"), then the outbreak of disease depends upon the interrelationship between the resistance of host and the virulence of bacteria.
In the infectious diseases, improvement in treatment methods of bateremia have been raised as an important issue. That is to say, bacteremia is not a disease caused by a particular bacterium, but is caused by emergence and habitancy of the various bacteria in blood, then onset thereof is clinically suspected when fever of about 40.degree. C. persists for two or more days. If a patient is an infant or is suffering from terminal cancer with weakened resistance, the patient may die in one or two days, therefore, the bacteremia is a serious and urgent disease, and the improvement in treatment methods thereof have been awaited.
In the infectious disease, phagocytes including neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages primarily work in defense of the body. Emergence of bacteria in the blood is thought as invasion of predominant bacteria which have emerged from the tissue of the phagocyte. Bacteremia is a state wherein the bacteria is emerged into the blood, and a large amount of antibiotic is administrated to treat it wherein the causative bacteria is sensitive to the antibiotic. Generally, since antibiotics lower the functions of the internal organs such as liver, it is necessary to pay an attention to reduce an administration of an ineffective antibiotic to a patient in a serious state.
When bacteremia is defined as a case wherein phagocytesis of cells can not overcome the virulence of bacteria, then the bacteria spread in the body through the blood, bacteremia with serious symptoms due to toxins produced by the bacteria is called as sepsis. Proof of sepsis, in the other word, establishment of the diagnosis requires a check on the items of 1) clinical symptoms, 2) culturing of specimen, 3) gram-staining of the bacteria contained in the specimen, and 4) shock state, then, upon completing the check of these items, the treatment method is determined. Accordingly, to quickly and reliably identify the bacteria have been awaited in the art.
In the present method for detecting and identifying bacteria in a bacteremia-specimen, it is a common procedure to identify in selective medium a specimen which have positive signal in a routine process of culture bottle. However, to successfuly culture the bacteria from these blood specimen is quite difficult, then, if a large dose of antibiotics is administrated when bacteremia was suspected, bacteria in the blood will not be cultured and grown in many cases, therefore, the rate of culture bottle positive case become extremely low.
Although available sub-routine methods include instrumental analysis of constituents and metabolic products of bacteria (Yoshimi Benno, "Quick identification of bacteria with gas chromatography", Rinsho Kensa, Vol. 29, No.12, November 1985, Igaku Shoin ed.), a method utilizing specific antibody (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 60-224068), and a hybridization method utilizing specificity of DNA (Japanese Phase Patent Provisional Publication No. 61-502376) have been developed, any of which are required to separate the bacteria and culture it. On the other hand, as a method established based on the function of phagocytes in infectious diseases, there is a method to examine, under an optical microscope, a stained smear of buffy coat wherein leukocyte of the blood sample is concentrated. Generally speaking, although the rate of detection of bacteria in buffy coat specimens from adult bacteremia patients is 30% at most, which is similar to that in earlobe blood specimens, it was reported that bacteria had been detected in seven cases of ten case
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Eda Soji
Matsuhisa Akio
Ohno Tsuneya
Uehara Hirotsugu
Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Myers Carla J.
Ohno Tsuneya
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