Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Aluminum or heavy metal – other than lead – containing
Patent
1984-12-05
1985-11-12
Dees, Carl F.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Aluminum or heavy metal, other than lead, containing
44 2, 44 30, 100155R, B30B 1120, B30B 300
Patent
active
045525676
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a pressure roller apparatus for briquetting cut material of biological origin such as green crops, wood flakes or peat.
Such apparatus, which has in practice been used for the manufacture of fodder briquettes (so-called cubes) from biological material mainly consisting of lucerne and having a grass content of not more than 10%, is known from the specification of British Patent No. 1 007 152. In this apparatus the material is collected from the field after sufficient tedding and is cut, after which it is precompressed and led into the cleft or nip between a pressure roller and a surrounding rotary ring with radial die openings. In this cleft considerable rearrangement and further compression of the cut material occurs before the latter is squeezed by the roller into the die openings where the actual briquetting takes place under counter-pressure arising partly from friction against the walls of the die, partly from a narrowing of the cross section of the die openings from the inlet end to the outlet end.
The frictional resistance is influenced in opposite directions by the water and adhesive content of the material, the water having a lubricating effect, whereas the adhesive under the pressure of briquetting has a tendency to travel outwards towards the wall of the die resulting in an increased friction. This increase is of decisive importance for the briquetting capacity of the apparatus, and since the increase is itself dependent on the adhesive content of the briquetting material, the apparatus will give a satisfactory result only when working with material having certain specific properties, such as lucerne, and under certain conditions as regards its moisture content. The patent specification refers to a moisture content in the area of 15-35%, but for obtaining storageresistant fodder briquettes the water content should not exceed 10-12%. Such a low water content after natural drying can only be expected to be obtained in areas with a decided continental climate, and even under ideal conditions the water content will often vary considerably in the collected material, for which reason intensive mixing should be carried out in connection with the cutting operation. Despite this, certain parts of the material may become over-dried, and in practice the apparatus has therefore been further equipped with manually controlled means for the addition of water as deemed necessary. It is evident from this that variations in briquetting quality resulting from variations in the water content of the material will not be avoidable in practice.
A further condition of high-quality briquetting is that the supply of the material be correctly controlled and in particular be kept fairly constant. This is also important in order to prevent overloading and to minimize the power requirements for the operation of the apparatus. In the known apparatus the said cleft is open at one side and the material is supplied into this open side by means of an endless belt or a worm conveyor, which is at the same time responsible for the precompression, which consequently takes place mainly parallel to the axial directions of the pressure roller and the die ring and thus at right angles to the direction of the briquetting.
A drawback of this known briquetting principle, which is partly due to extrusion of the material through tapering die openings, is that considerable and energy-consuming rearrangement of the material takes place both during precompression and ultimate compression, which as stated mainly occur at right angles to each other and, in particular, the rearrangement in the actual briquetting stage, i.e. during extrusion through the die openings, is disadvantageous, because the displacement between the pieces of the material prevents the adhesive content from sticking these pieces firmly together. The extruded briquettes will thus expand considerably, and they obtain only a poor mechanical strength.
A purpose of the invention is to provide a briquetting apparatus in which the conditions decisive of the br
REFERENCES:
patent: 1294218 (1919-02-01), Anchersen
patent: 1566496 (1925-12-01), Maus
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