Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Composition for standardization – calibration – simulation,... – Glucose – ketone – nitrate standard or control
Patent
1988-03-01
1989-05-23
Marantz, Sidney
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation,...
Glucose, ketone, nitrate standard or control
435 2, 436 15, 436 16, 436 18, G01N 3348
Patent
active
048330906
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method for collecting, transporting or storing of blood using certain additives. These additives should ensure that the glucose level in blood does not fall at all or only to a slight extent in the collected blood.
In conjunction with the collection and storage of blood it has been shown that the glucose content in collected blood continuously falls (Testfibel Gluco-quant.RTM. glucose, company paper Boehringer, Mannheim, 1984, page 23), so that a loss of more than 10% may occur when the blood is stored at room temperature for about one hour (Thomas, Labor und Diagnose, 2. Edition, Die Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft, Marburg/Lahn, 1984, page 118). The loss is due to the metabolism of the surviving blood cells, which still consume glucose after the blood sample has been taken. In order to overcome these changes in the composition of blood for purposes of laboratory investigations, suitable substances are added to the blood immediately after taking the blood, which inhibit the metabolism of the blood cells, to prevent the cells from consuming glucose. This method is widely used.
Syringes and storage containers, where the toxic substances are already contained, are commercially available. Preferably, salts of iodoacetic acid (Clinical Chemistry, volume 21 (1975), page 1810; Clinical Chemistry, volume 24 (1978), page 998) and fluorides, for example NaF and KF (Thomas, Labor und Diagnose, 2. Edition, Die Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft, Marburg/Lahn, 1984, page 119; R. Richterich and J.P. Colombo, Klinische Chemie, 4. Edition, S. Karger, Basel, Munich, Paris, London, New York, Sydney, 1978, page 307; W. Rick, Klinische Chemie und Mikroskopie, 3. Edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1974, page 177) are used.
However, the use of the mentioned substances reducing the loss of glucose has some disadvantages.
1. Bringing blood in contact with these substances results in damage to blood cells.
2. The consumption of glucose in only insufficiently reduced.
As to 1.: The damage the blood cells receive manifests itself in changes of permeability, among others, so that substances from within the cell go into the plasma. Thus, the concentration of these substances is artificially changed in the plasma, so that the analytical determination shows results which do not represent the true conditions in freshly collected blood. Especially affected are diagnostically very important substances, like potassium and enzymes (Clinical Chemistry, volume 26 (1980), page 1228). Furthermore, the conventionally added substances have an influence on the analytical methods in some cases, so that false test results may also be obtained in this manner. For example, the determination of urea is affected by fluorides (Clinical Chemistry, volume 20 (1974), page 876) and the determination of creatine kinase is affected by iodoacetate (Clinical Chemistry, volume 26, (1980), page 1228). Due to the required relatively high molar concentrations of fluorides, a number of additional changes occur because of osmotic reasons alone. Moreover, in the case of use of fluorides, coagulation of blood will be prevented, so that no choice exists to perform tests in plasma as well as in serum.
The result of these limitations is that a separated blood sample is required exclusively for the analysis of glucose while many other parameters can be analysed from a single sample. This is particularly disadvantageous if modern large testing devices are used. Therefore, in a recently issued description of a multianalytical system (Labormedizin, Heft 1/1985, page 17) the parameter "glucose" is not mentioned.
As to 2.: With the above mentioned compounds the consumption of glucose is only insufficiently reduced. For example, despite the use of fluorides only 88.1-89.9% of the original glucose level can be found 2 hours after the blood has been taken (Clinical Chemistry, volume 28 (1982), page 190). Other authors find 91.9% (The Lancet, 1984, page 1165 and 1985, page 704). Mixtures of fluorides and salts of iodocetic acid also giv
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Liss Eberhard
Liss Inge
Marantz Sidney
Santiago Amalia L.
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