Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Sulfurized compound of indeterminate structure – which is a...
Patent
1997-01-30
1998-10-27
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Sulfurized compound of indeterminate structure, which is a...
C10M13500
Patent
active
058278060
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP95/03055 Jul. 31, 1993.
The present invention is concerned with a process for preparing sulfurised phenol lubricating oil additives, lubricant oil compositions and concentrates containing such additives, with the use of such additives in lubricant oil formulations and with the preparation and use of intermediates for such additives.
Power trains, for example, automotive power trains, require shaft and bearing seals to prevent the ingress of contaminants. Seal life depends on, inter alia, the suitability of the chosen seal for the use to which it is put, the degree of care used in installing the seal, the temperature to which the seal is exposed during use, the nature of the lubricants with which the seal comes into contact during use, and the condition of the surface(s) with which the seal comes into contact during use. Seal failure will in most cases lead to a leakage of lubricant, which is increasingly regarded as unacceptable, and seals which can no longer perform their intended function must normally be replaced. There is thus a need for the life of seals to be prolonged for as long as possible.
There is also a strong desire to develop lubricating oil additives which have reduced levels of chlorine so that their use in finished oil formulations does not contribute to high levels of chlorine in the finished lubricating oil formulation. The presence of chlorine in lubricating oils is a problem from a waste disposal and environmental point of view. When lubricating oils containing high levels of chlorine are destroyed after use e.g. by incineration harmful chlorinated and polychlorinated biphenyls may be produced. Waste disposal of compositions based on chlorine-containing additives is therefore a problem; it would be advantageous to be able to produce chlorine-free additives or additives containing low levels of chlorine.
Sulfur-containing additives have been widely used in various lubricants, e.g., crankcase lubricating oils, or gear lubricants, and in various functional fluids, e.g., hydraulic fluids, automatic transmission fluids and heat transfer fluids. One of the most common of such sulfur-containing additives are the sulfurised phenols such as alkyl substituted phenolsulfides, disulphides, polysulfides, salts thereof, overbased salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. These additives function as oxidation inhibitors, antiwear additives and load carrying additives and detergents for these different category of fluids.
Whilst these sulfur-containing additives have been found to be quite effective for the above mentioned functions, they have generally been found to be corrosive to metals such as copper and copper alloys which are widely used as bearings and bearing liners. They have also been found to cause the degradation of elastomeric materials which are used as seals or sealant devices. This is a particular problem with sulfurised phenol additives. It would be desirable to be able to use higher levels of sulfurised phenols however the problems associated with copper corrosion and/or seals precludes this. It is also desirable to be able to keep the ash content of lubricating oil formulations as low as possible. It is believed that the problems associated with sulfurised phenols are due to the presence of sulfur species, including elemental sulfur, which are sometimes referred to as labile, free or active sulfur.
There have been various attempts in the prior art to provide sulfurised phenols and other sulfur containing additives for lubricating oils which do not have a detrimental effect on the compatibility of elastomeric seals when exposed to such seals in oil formulations and/or which exhibit reduced copper corrosion.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4 228 022, a process is described in which a sulfurised phenate is reacted with sufficient .alpha.-olefin (C.sub.15-18) to ensure that the final product has substantially no residual free sulfur so that the product has anti-corrosive properties; that is, so that it does not corrode metallic engine parts. The level of a-olefin which ma
REFERENCES:
patent: 4228022 (1980-10-01), Lowe et al.
patent: 4309293 (1982-01-01), Braid
patent: 4664825 (1987-05-01), Walsh
Adams David Robert
Simpkin Dennis John
Skinner Philip
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Howard Jacqueline V.
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