Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Silicon containing
Patent
1985-11-22
1988-02-02
Shaver, Paul F.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Silicon containing
556446, C07F 708, C07F 718
Patent
active
047230266
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel polyether polyols which can be used in the preparation of polymer/polyols, sometimes termed polymeric polyols or graft polyols. The present invention also relates to processes by which such modified polyether polyols are prepared and to processes which use the polymer/polyols derived from the modified polyether polyols. In particular, the present invention relates to novel modified polyether polyols and their use in the above applications.
The reaction between a polyfunctional isocyante and a polyfunctional alcohol to produce polyurethane foams, elastomers, resins and the like is a well known chemical reaction which is commercially exploited on a large scale. Commercial polyurethane manufacture in general involves the reaction between a polyfunctional isocyanate and a polyfunctional alcohol such as a polyether polyol. Such polyether polyols are made from a polyfunctional low molecular weight alcohol onto which has been added a polyalkylene oxide chain. The polyalkylene oxide chain is typically prepared as a copolymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a mixture thereof in a random or block form.
In recent years, the use of polyether polyols of the type described above has been in some areas superseded by polyether polyols containing additional polymeric matter. These polyether polyols, known as polymer/polyols have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,304,273, U.S. Pat. No. 3,383,351, U.S. Pat. No. Re. 28,715 and U.S. Pat. No. Re. 29,118. Typically, these polymer/polyols have been prepared by polymerising one or more olefinically unsaturated monomers dispersed in the polyether polyol in the presence of a free radical catalyst. The polymer/polyols produced by these processes, which are thought to comprise a polymer or copolymer of the monomers at least partially grafted to the polyether polyol, have the important advantage of importing to any polyurethane derived from them improved load-bearing properties as compared with polyether polyols having no additional polymer.
The need to obtain polyurethanes with further improved load-bearing properties has meant that recently attempts have been made to improve polymer/polyols further. In particular developments of polymer/polyols has centred around increasing the polymer content whilst still maintaining the polymer/polyol in the form of a low viscosity fluid having an acceptable resistance to polymer sedimentation and increasing the polystyrene content of the polymer in order to remove problems associated with "scorch".
In order to produce stable low viscosity polymer polyols, it has been proposed to introduce during the polymerisation an extra component often termed a non aqueous dispersant (NAD) stabiliser. The NAD stabiliser comprises a polyol, for example a polyether polyol, containing deliberately added unsaturation which is able to copolymerise with or graft onto the growing polymer chains thereby forming a steric hinderance which prevents the agglomeration of polymer particles.
An example of such an NAD stabiliser is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,823,201 where there is disclosed an unsaturated polyether polyol obtained by the reaction of a polyether polyol with the anhydride of an unsaturated acid, for example maleic anhydride. In this case, the anhydride of the unsaturated acid reacts with a free hydroxyl group on the polyether polyol to produce a modified polyether polyol having from about 0.10 to 0.70 mole of unsaturation per mole of polyol.
Similar methods of introducing unsaturation into a polyether polyol thereby a NAD stabiliser are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,488, GB Pat. No. 1,411,646 and EP Pat. No. 6605.
It has now been found that polymer/polyols having favourable viscosity and resistance to polymer sedimentation at high polymer content can be prepared by polymerising one or more monomers having olefinic unsaturation in a polyether polyol containing a novel NAD stabiliser. The novel NAD stabilisers have the advantage that they are easily prepared in a short time under mild reaction conditions. Such NAD stab
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Cloetens Rudolphe C.
Lidy Werner A.
Thanh Huy P.
BP Chemicals Limited
Shaver Paul F.
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