Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Organic sulfur compound – wherein the sulfur is single bonded...
Patent
1993-11-23
1996-07-09
Medley, Margaret
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Organic sulfur compound, wherein the sulfur is single bonded...
252397, 252401, 252 34, 252 39, C10M12500
Patent
active
055341683
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for the production of overbased magnesium sulphonates and to overbased magnesium sulphonates prepared by the process. The overbased magnesium sulphonates prepared by the process are particularly useful as additives for oil-based compositions, especially lubricating oils, and the invention also relates to oil-based compositions containing these overbased metal sulphonates.
Overbased magnesium sulphonates are well known, as is their use as additives in oil-based compositions, for example, lubricants, greases and fuels. They function as detergents and acid neutralizers, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and, when used in engines, extending engine life. Other overbased metal sulphonates often used for the same purpose are overbased calcium sulphonates.
Many processes have been proposed for producing overbased sulphonates of calcium and magnesium, the preferred processes generally involving the carbonation, in the presence of an organic solvent or diluent, of a mixture of an oil-soluble sulphonate and/or an oil-soluble sulphonic acid and an excess of a compound of the desired metal above that required to react with any acid present. It is known that overbased magnesium sulphonates are in general more difficult to prepare than the corresponding calcium compounds, and processes proposed for preparing overbased magnesium sulphonates have involved various special measures, for example, the use of particular reaction conditions and/or the incorporation of one or more additional substances into the mixture to be carbonated, such additional substances including, for example, water, alcohols, and promoters of various types. Many of the previously proposed processes also, or alternatively, require the use of magnesium in a relatively reactive form, for example, in the form of a magnesium compound having a certain minimum degree of reactivity.
Examples of prior specifications disclosing the use of particular reaction conditions or steps in the preparation of overbased magnesium sulphonates are U.S. Pat. No. 3,629,109, which discloses a multistage carbonation process, U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,589, which claims the use of specified temperature conditions, or the addition of additional water and alcohol during carbonation, when carbonating a mixture containing "light" (active) magnesium oxide, U.S. Pat. No. 4,148,740, which claims the use of specified temperatures and proportions of carbon dioxide when carbonating a mixture containing "activated" magnesium oxide, U.S. Pat. No. 4,192,758, which claims carbonating at the "critical carbonation rate", and which refers to the preparation of overbased additives as "a complex and highly unpredictable art", British Specification No. 2 135 330 A, which claims a continuous countercurrent process, and British Specification No. 2 036 781 A, which claims the use of specified carbonation temperatures and proportions of carbon dioxide for carbonating a mixture which includes a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alcohol or a C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 ketone.
Examples of prior specifications directed primarily to the use of additional substances in the mixture to be carbonated are U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,135, which claims the use of a reaction mixture containing water, an alkanol, and a combination of specified first and second promoters, U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,216, which claims the use of a promoters system comprising a hydroxy-containing compound and a salt of boric acid and an aliphatic hydrocarbyl diamine or polyamine containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,774, which claims the use of a reaction mixture containing water, a lower alkanol and naphthenic acids, British Specifications Nos. 2 037 801 A and 2 037 310 A, which claim the use of reaction mixtures containing a C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 diketone and a C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid respectively, British Specification No. 2 175 598 A, which claims the use of a reaction system containing water, alcohol, a first promoter comprising a succinic anhydride or a derivative thereof and a co-promoter selected from
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Cleverley John A.
Marsh John F.
Spencer Jeremy R.
Swietlik Joseph M.
Wardle Robert A.
Bakun Estelle C.
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Medley Margaret
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