Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1983-08-03
1985-10-15
Schor, Kenneth M.
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 43, 127 461, 127 462, 127 54, 127 55, 210772, 426 15, 426 48, 426655, 435 99, 435105, 435137, 435164, 536128, C13K 100, C13D 100, C11B 902, C12P 1902
Patent
active
045472262
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for increasing sugar levels in citrus press liquor and for obtaining a concentrate containing high sugar levels from citrus press liquor. The sugar enhanced citrus press liquor of the press invention can be concentrated and the sugar inverted to yield a commercially useful syrup having a high level of fructose.
2. Background Art
One of the problems associated with the growth an expansion of the frozen citrus concentrate industry has been the disposal of peel residues as well as the rag, juice sacs and seeds from citrus fruit. Various approaches to solving such problems have been summarized by J. W. Kesterson and R. J. Braddock in "By-Products and Specialty Products of Florida Citrus", Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 784 (December 1976), the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. As used herein, the term "citrus" refers to any member of the genus Citrus, including but not limited to the orange, grapefruit, tangerine, tangelo, lemon, lime, citron, and mandarin. Most of the waste residue from commercial juice extractors is shredded, limed, cured and pressed into press liquors and press cakes which are then processed independently. Cured press cakes are dried in a feed mill to yield "dried citrus pulp", (DCP) from which feed pellets for cattle, sheep and other ruminants are prepared. The press liquors are usually concentrated in multiple effect heat evaporators to yield citrus molasses, while d-limonene is obtained from the condensate. As is known from Greathouse et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,023,144 and Gauvreau U.S. Pat. No. 3,787,566, this material has biocidal activity in addition to being useful as a fragrance. However, present commercial processes still discard valuable and important components from citrus fruit processing operations.
B. R. Breslau et al. describe in Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf. ASME Lakeland 22: 53 (1976) a process for recovering the soluble constituents of citrus press liquor by screening and ultrafiltration of the resultant filtrate with hollow fibers to separate solids and oil suspensions from the citrus press liquor and to produce a permeate faction containing dissolved sugars. The ultrafiltration retenate fraction containing suspended solids (including finely divided peel, pulp, and seed residues present in the screened liquor) is considered waste to be used as conventional animal feed or to produce molasses.
A general object of this invention is to provide a process for separating and recovering valuable products from finely divided solid waste material ("shards") present in citrus press liquor.
A principal object of this invention is to provide a process for recovering sugars from the shards present in citrus press liquor.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for purifying sugar extracts obtained from citrus waste material to yield mixtures of non-reducing sugars as well as glucose and fructose.
A more particular object of this invention is to provide a process for preparing high fructose syrups, comparable to commercial high fructose corn syrup sweeteners, from citrus waste materials.
Another principal object of this invention is to provide a process for recovering limonene and other antimicrobial materials present in citrus press liquor.
A further object of this invention is to provide citrus press liquor which is substantially free of such antimicrobial materials, thereby permitting its use as a feedstock in microbiological processes.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a process for recovering the solid residues of sugar-extracted shards obtained from citrus press liquor for use in the production of dried citrus pulp.
Upon study of the specification, drawings and appended claims, further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the above and other objects of this invention are obtained in one a
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Guerry-Kopecko Patricia
Koeble-Smith Carol
Milch Robert A.
Sybert Edward M.
IGI Biotechnology, Inc.
Schor Kenneth M.
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