Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Oxygen containing
Patent
1996-01-29
1998-04-21
Geist, Gary
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Oxygen containing
502341, 556 28, 554149, C07C 4311
Patent
active
057419477
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This is the U.S. National Stage Application of PCT/EP/94/02195 filed Jul. 5, 1994 now WO95/04024 published Feb. 9, 1995.
The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing alkoxylation products by reacting compounds having active hydrogen atoms with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxides in the presence of a mixed hydroxide built up of polycations and modified with certain additives as alkoxylation catalyst. Since some of these mixed hydroxides are new compounds, the invention further relates to these new mixed hydroxides and processes for their preparation.
Alkoxylation products having a narrow molecular weight distribution or homologue distribution, known as "narrow cut", "narrow range" or "peaked" alkoxylates, are becoming increasingly important since they have improved use properties in comparison with normal alkoxylates having a broad distribution, and are conventionally prepared using alkali metal hydroxides or boron trifluoride adducts as catalysts. They are mainly used as surfactants in detergents, cleaning compositions and personal care compositions, but also in the paper and textile fibers industry. Efficient synthetic routes to such narrow cut alkoxylates are therefore urgently sought.
DE-A 40 10 606 (1) relates to the use of hydrotalcites hydrophobicized with anions of an aliphatic C.sub.4 -C.sub.44 -dicarboxylic acid or an aliphatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.34 -monocarboxylic acid as ethoxylation or propoxylation catalysts for compounds having active hydrogen atoms or for fatty acid esters. The alkoxylation products obtained using these catalysts have a narrow homologue distribution.
DE-A 40 34 305 (2) discloses double-layer hydroxide compounds containing magnesium, zinc, calcium, iron, cobalt, copper, cadmium, nickel or manganese as divalent metal and aluminum, iron, chromium, manganese, bismuth or cerium as trivalent metal and carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, hydroxide or halide as inorganic anion in addition to hydroxide and hydrophobicized with anions of an aliphatic C.sub.4 -C.sub.44 -dicarboxylic acid or an aliphatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.34 -monocarboxylic acid. These compounds are recommended as alkoxylation catalysts for compounds having active hydrogen atoms or fatty acid esters.
WO-A 92/11224 (3) relates to an alkoxylation process for alcohols to give glycol ethers using an anionic double-hydroxide clay such as hydrotalcite having an essentially intact layer structure as alkoxylation catalyst, which clay contains anions of the alcohol being reacted built in between the layers. Alcohols specified for this purpose are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols, preferably having up to 8 carbon atoms, eg. methanol, ethanol, cyclohexanol or phenol.
However, the specified alkoxylation catalysts still have a series of deficiencies. In particular, the content of polyalkylene glycol formed as by-product in the alkoxylation and of unalkoxylated starting compound are still too high. The molecular weight distribution is likewise still too broad.
It is an object of the present invention to provide alkoxylation catalysts which can be prepared more efficiently and at the same time simply and economically and which no longer have the abovementioned deficiencies.
We have found that this object is achieved by a process for preparing alkoxylation products by reacting compounds having active hydrogen atoms with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxides in the presence of a mixed hydroxide built up of polycations and modified with additives and having the general formula I or II anions A is their mean valence and salts, isocyclic or heterocyclic ring in the side chain, mixed hydroxide I or II.
Suitable divalent metal ions M(II) are, in particular, zinc, calcium, strontium, barium, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, manganese, copper and especially magnesium.
Suitable trivalent metal ions M(III) are, in particular, iron, chromium, manganese, bismuth, cerium and especially aluminum.
Suitable inorganic anions A are, in particular, hydrogencarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphat
REFERENCES:
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P.K. Dutta and M. Puri, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93,376-381.
K. Chibwe and W. Jones, J. Chem. Commun. 1989, 926-927.
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Burkhart Bernd
Lauth Guenter
Oftring Alfred
Trapp Horst
Wolf Gerhard
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Geist Gary
Padmanabhan Sreeni
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