Hydraulic and earth engineering – Earth treatment or control – Shoring – bracing – or cave-in prevention
Patent
1993-09-17
1995-05-09
Friedman, Carl D.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Earth treatment or control
Shoring, bracing, or cave-in prevention
52 98, 52605, 52 1, E02D 2902
Patent
active
054134358
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a prefabricated panel for the construction of directed fragility walls, attached to at least one resistent member complementary to the wall, each panel comprising a front seen face, a rear face, end edges separated lengthwise and side edges separated crosswise.
2. Description of Related Art
The presently known prefabricated walls may be considered to be included in one or the other of the two large groups referred to hereinbelow.
A first of these groups relates to constructions with whole piece members which attain the complete height of the wall. They are normally very rigid elements, having a flat surface corresponding to the face of the wall and one or several ribs or buttresses on the rear surface or exterior providing the element with inertia and strength.
This first type of wall requires to be well adjusted to the type of ground where it is constructed, by the design of strict and, frequently expensive, foundations. Manufacture is also costly and requires elements of a very wide range of dimensions for adaptation to the project in each case. Consequently, the stocks are expensive, since they are normally large sized elements.
A second type of wall is formed by elements of small dimensions relative to the height of the wall. These elements are installed in situ using processes which are usually costly in time and money. The purpose of the final result in some cases is a rigid wall like in the first type mentioned above, whereby the assembly operations are complicated and compromising.
The purpose in other cases is to have a flexible wall capable of adapting itself to the movement of the earth; it should be explained that the word earth is used in a very general sense, i.e. the mass of soil, irrespective of whether the orientation of the outer surface thereof is horizontal, vertical or sloping. In these last named cases, against the advantage of an easier foundation solution, there is a lower quality in the outside finish of the wall faces, due to the inevitable errors, frequently compounded, which occur in the drawn out assembly work. It should be pointed out, furthermore, that the treatment of the joints is an important aspect, in view of the large number thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an objective of the invention to provide means for the construction of walls, so that the advantages of the above two types are retained while avoiding at the same time the respective drawbacks.
This purpose is attained according to the invention by panels of the type described above and each panel is characterized in that it is provided with at least one hollowed out portion opening onto said front seen face and formed by a groove or by a series of holes, such that the hollowed out portion extends generally between two edges defining a preferred fracture line, modules being determined between at least one hollowed out portion and at least one edge, each module being provided with association means for independent attachment to said complementary resistent member of the wall.
The said hollowed out portions are easily mistaken for the true joints between contiguous panels and help to form the limits of the modules which are repeated along the whole surface of the wall, suggesting the structural arrangement of the surface and participating in the aesthetic design thereof.
The fundamental purpose of these hollowed out portions, particularly when they are grooves, as stated above, is to provide preferred fracture lines due to the narrowing of the affected sections, such that against serious deformation of the ensemble and against the corresponding appearance of excessive demands in certain sections, there is a local deformation response of the affected area, this response being materialized and made possible by fracture of the weakened sections of the bottom of the prefabricated grooves. These breakages or fractures do not affect the integrity, strength and function of the wall as a whole, since it has already been provided in the d
REFERENCES:
patent: 4094108 (1978-06-01), Scott
patent: 4176503 (1979-12-01), Ting
patent: 4229916 (1980-10-01), White
patent: 4400918 (1983-08-01), Lewis
Friedman Carl D.
Nguyen Kien
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