Electrical transmission or interconnection systems – Plural supply circuits or sources – One source floats across or compensates for other source
Reexamination Certificate
2001-10-10
2003-02-18
Jackson, Stephen W. (Department: 2836)
Electrical transmission or interconnection systems
Plural supply circuits or sources
One source floats across or compensates for other source
C307S043000, C307S064000, C307S080000, C307S082000, C307S084000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06522031
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to electrical energy supply and distribution, and more particularly, to a power load leveling system including energy packet storage components. Electrical energy generation and distribution has been a mainstay for residential and commercial energy needs for societies all over the world for many years. Various forms of electrical energy generation have existed for some time now, including coal fired power plants, nuclear power plants, hydro-electric plants, wind harness plants, and others. All of these forms of electrical energy generation are well known to those of skill in the art of power generation and details of their operation need not be set forth herein. Many volumes of published literature exist on all of these well known forms of electrical power generation, from sources all over the world.
As power generation has advanced power usage has increased. This is due to many societal factors. First, populations in practically every country of the world have increased, resulting in more power needs. Second, consumer products frequently are designed to use electrical energy in order to operate. Due to advances in technology, more electronic products are available for use today than at any time in world history. Third, manufacturing plants have realized that machine automation can increase plant productivity and decrease production costs. Such automation usually requires electrical energy. Thus, the overall result is a greater need for electrical energy than ever before.
Another common occurrence around the world related to energy consumption, is that consumption is greater during certain hours of the day. In any given time zone, electrical energy usage is greatest during the hours of 6 AM and 10 PM, commonly referred to as the “awake hours” or waking hours. Between 10 PM and 6 AM the next day most people are sleeping and, therefore, using less electrical energy. These hours are commonly called the “sleeping hours”. In order to avoid energy “brownouts”, or worse yet “blackouts”, power companies have to be able to meet “peak demand” requirements of any given 24 hour day. These peak demand requirements occur during the awake hours and historical data obtained from tracking energy usage can fairly accurately predict how much energy will be needed each hour of each day in practically any community. Therefore, peak demand is one of the main drivers of the size and number of power plants needed for any given area.
The problem with using peak demand requirements to determine power plant capacity, is that it does not make for efficient use of the resulting power plant. For example, if a peak demand period in a given area is X kilowatt-hours and that demand is only required for a period of eight hours each day, and the average demand for the rest of the day is half of X, then the design capacity of that power plant for the other sixteen hours of each day is not being effectively utilized. Said another way, if the full energy production capacity of each power plant, for each day, was utilized, less power plants would be needed because each one would be fully utilized, all day, every day. Design and usage could then be based on total energy needs each day rather than peak demand needs. Using peak demand requirements also results in an inefficient use of the distribution and transmission systems used by the power plants to deliver the electrical energy they produce.
The present invention enables power load leveling throughout each day. Load leveling is the balancing of energy production at a power plant so that the plant is generating about the same amount of energy for all hours of operation, while supplying its customers with their full energy needs throughout the day. Since peak demand periods will likely continue to exist, load leveling may be accomplished by the use of energy storage devices. In other words, by producing energy and storing that energy during low demand periods, such as during sleeping hours, the stored energy can be used during peak demand periods to offset the amount of energy that must be produced during the peak demand periods.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, energy production is made more level throughout each day. At night, for example, energy is produced and stored in specialized capacitors, which may be located at or near a power plant or a power substation, for example. The next day the stored energy may be injected into a utility's power distribution and transmission grid to supply all or part of the energy needs in, for example, a given home, business, or area that is connected thereto. By using the stored energy during peak demand periods, less energy is needed in real time production from the power plant servicing that area. In other embodiments of the present invention, the capacitors may be constructed to be placed in a home, such as in a basement or nearby out building. Larger capacitor-based energy storage systems may be placed in or near a business office or factory. Conversely, it is also possible to produce such systems on a smaller scale for installation at individual loads, such as, for example, in copy machines, PC's, servers, or a multitude of other equipment that requires a supply of electrical energy to operate. Preferably, whether the capacitor-based energy storage systems are placed near the end user of the system or at a power production or distribution location, the systems are of modular construction to allow for efficient set-up, expansion, and repair. Modularity is preferably maintained at both the source and load side of each system. In any of these embodiments, the present invention enables stored electrical energy to be used during peak demand periods to lessen the reliance on real time, direct electrical energy supplied and distributed by a power plant.
The present invention may be accomplished by conventional energy distribution equipment being connected to capacitors of high energy storage capability, wherein the capacitors may be “charged” with energy produced at a power plant as often as desired. The power plant that supplies the charging energy to the capacitors may be a conventional fossil-fuel burning or nuclear power plant, or may consist of an alternate power source, such as, for example, a solar, wind, or hydroelectric source. Unlike known energy storage systems, such as battery storage systems, the capacitors of the present invention allow for the direct storage of large amounts of electrical energy. Capacitors are electrostatic devices that can store and transfer electrical energy directly and, as such, do not require the transpiration of a chemical reaction in order to generate electrical energy, as do batteries. Additional conventional electrical equipment may be used to connect the capacitor(s) to the home, business, or area being serviced, and to transfer the electrical energy from the charged capacitor(s) to an end use. The electrical energy supplied by the capacitors may be delivered in DC form, or may be delivered as single-phase or multi-phase AC. Converter/inverter equipment is preferably provided to properly alter the form of the electrical energy provided to, and drawn from, the capacitors.
In the present invention, specialized capacitors are used to facilitate the above-described system. In one embodiment of the present invention, the capacitor may be of the electrochemical variety, and either symmetrical or asymmetrical in design. The electrochemical capacitor enables significant, direct electrical energy storage in heretofore unmatched, small unit sizes. Other embodiments of the present invention may employ, for example, electrolytic, or cryogenic capacitors that can also provide the desired energy storage.
An inherent benefit of the present invention is the ability to substantially reduce or even eliminate anomalies such as power “surges”, “spikes”, and “skips”, thereby improving what is generally referred to as “power quality”. These phenomena are the unfortunate, and practically unavoi
Nourai Ali
Provanzana John H.
Schneider John M.
Walborn Warren W.
Ware Brendan J.
American Electric Power Company, Inc.
DeBeradinis Robert L.
Jackson Stephen W.
Standley & Gilcrest LLP
LandOfFree
Power load-leveling system and packet electrical storage does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Power load-leveling system and packet electrical storage, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Power load-leveling system and packet electrical storage will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3180774