Electric power conversion systems – Current conversion – Including d.c.-a.c.-d.c. converter
Reexamination Certificate
2003-01-25
2004-07-27
Riley, Shawn (Department: 2838)
Electric power conversion systems
Current conversion
Including d.c.-a.c.-d.c. converter
C363S041000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06768656
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a Current-Sourced, Anti-Resonant, CSAR Technology, DC power conversion process. And more specifically, resonant power converters using a series-resonant input stage comprised in part by power provided by the input DC voltage source in addition to a voltage component extracted from the negative voltage waveform in the anti-resonant tank circuit. And subsequently reflected back into the series-resonant tank circuit, as an additive constituent to the DC source voltage. The two voltage components combine to appear as a source voltage, to the series-resonant input stage, of a magnitude greater than that of the DC source voltage acting by itself. Consequently, the voltage developed across the resonant capacitor, sourcing voltage to the anti-resonant tank, is not confined to the usual doubling of the input DC source voltage. But, rather becomes a product of the combined voltage constituents yielding a resonant capacitor voltage several orders of magnitude higher than the DC source voltage. In addition, increasing the DC source voltage above the initial regulating threshold alters the feedback voltage coefficient in an inverse manner. This characteristic yields a regulated voltage amplitude to the resonant capacitor voltage sourcing energy to the anti-resonant tank circuit. The output winding of the power transformer is also regulated by virtue of its being coupled to a common core. It is this regulating effect by the anti-resonant circuit that introduces a Pulse Position De-modulation coefficient (PPD) into an otherwise traditionally implemented Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) feedback control circuit.
2. Description of Prior Art
It is extremely difficult to differentiate this conceptual development with that deemed “Prior Art” since the technology described herein is a new and a radically different departure from that in general use at this time. By this token, all switching circuits known to date could be relegated into the realm of Prior Art. But to no particular service or advantage to any existing design practice. Thus, the task of describing the Prior Art becomes laborious and unproductive. Delineation lies in the fundamental load-line characteristic reflected by existing switching circuitry and that proposed herein. All switching circuits in current use reflect a negative resistance associated with an input characteristic that is used to describe a constant power input load line. Switching circuitry in current use extracts the negative resistance characteristic from the average current component. The peak current component, in all cases, follows a more traditional conceptual response: It increases with increasing voltage application. Peak current in the circuit function described herein for CSAR Technology implementation differs from traditional switching circuitry in that the negative resistance is derived directly from the peak current. That is to say, The peak current develops in an inverse manner to applied voltage. As the voltage increases: the current decreases in direct proportion. Negative resistance being derived from the peak current—as opposed to its being derived from the average component, as is the usual case, stems from the PPD feedback function. In that duty cycle remains essentially constant with changing input voltage. Therefore: the only circuit function allowed is in a current reaction inverse to that of applied voltage.
It is imperative to point out at this juncture that most of the circuit reactions documented in this application for Letters Patent have been noted in previous circuit structures implemented within the general scope of CSAR technology. The initial being in Provisional application No. 60/103,134 filed on Oct. 5, 1998. The waveform of
FIG. 1A
, on page 2, clearly shows the power switch timing pulse intercepting the negative portion of the anti-resonant AC voltage at the average juncture.
The circuit described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,490,177 B1 for a design coefficient of K=1.41 will reflect the negative resistance derived from the peak current when the input DC voltage is varied around its nominal 28V level. This characteristic was observed but not fully understood until such time it became obvious that attempts to incorporate this feature in the application would invite an objection of “introduction of new matter” by the Examiner. Another reason for not pushing the matter being that the circuit structure in this Patent is intended for applications fed by regulated PFC mains, or regulated voltages derived from a sourcing power supply. So, in this respect it was deemed to be an irrelevant issue. The aspect of interrupting the negative waveform in the anti-resonant tank is broached in column 8, lines 32 through 36 and column 9 lines 60 through 67 and column 10, lines 1 through 19. Of U.S. Pat. No. 6,490,177 B1. The issues surrounding this phenomenon of being able to discipline circuit design to yield anti-resonant tank voltages much higher than twice the input DC voltage were researched and reserved for this application via provisional application, referenced above, now abandoned.
In conclusion it must be added, that: There is a lot of misinformation being bandied about with respect to implementation of anti-resonance based circuitry. One critique focusing squarely on the problems, inherent to deployment of such topologies, is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,959 by P. Vinciarelli. Under section 2, titled: “Description of the Prior Art.” Mr. Vinciarelli projects a clear understanding of problems associated with deployment of such circuit topologies. His dissertation pin-points the principal problems associated with this technology in the early years of such developments. Observations tendered in this document fortunately are no longer valid, with the development of the anti-resonant topology based on CSAR Technology. Others have used these concerns, however valid, as scare tactics simply to promote inferior, peripheral circuit topologies with little or nothing to offer with respect to real progress. There are, to be sure, valid concerns regarding over-all discipline of CSAR Technology as there is with any new proposal. One consideration being in the circulation of higher than usual current in the loop formed by the resonant capacitor and the primary winding on the power transformer. While this is something to be given due consideration in circuit design: The importance of such is in fact minimal. Low output hardware—of 1.0V, or less,—provides designers with many favorable design options to address this problem. A power converter of 1.0V—30A is a 30W unit. One auspicious physical observation is that heat radiating surface increases as power is decreased. Therefore accommodation of the thermal contribution from such circulating current becomes merely a minor design consideration. And easily off-set by the consideration that no extra circuitry is required to re-set the core's magnetic field as well in addition to the advantage, cited above, for the inherently increased heat radiating surface area. The examples above, are included to acknowledge that while design problems exist in successful deployment of CSAR based Technology, They are well within the limitations of prudent engineering practice within the design disciplines available in present day practice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to describe a design process incorporating functional properties embedded in CSAR Technology under a Pulse-Position-Demodulation feedback control loop.
Another object of this invention is to describe a power transfer function based on non-polarized, half-wave rectified, fly-back simulation under CSAR Technology PPD control.
Another object of this invention is to describe a power transfer function based on non-polarized, half-wave rectified, with wave-shaping output filter under CSAR Technology PPD control.
Another object on this invention is to describe a power transfer function based on a center-tapped, full wave rectified, L-C integrating output filter
Harms Donn K.
Riley Shawn
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