Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
Patent
1996-07-17
1998-03-17
Asher, Kimberly L.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
12820324, 12820323, 12820524, A61M 1500, A61M 1600, B05D 714, B65D 8306
Patent
active
057275467
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an inhalation device incorporating novel means for regulating the rate of patient inspiration.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Known inhalation devices suitable for the administration to the lung of any inhalation medicament include devices which administer the medicament in liquid form, in dry powder form or as a suspension of the solid medicament in a liquified propellant.
Devices of the first mentioned type include nebuliser devices wherein a fine respirable mist is formed by action of a compressed gas on a sample, by vibration of a piezoelectric crystal or by other ultrasonic means; also, devices of the type described in e.g. International Patent Application WO 91/14468, where the liquid is sprayed through a small aperture.
Devices of the second mentioned type which may provide the medicament in unit dose or multidose form include the well known SPINHALER (Registered Trademark), which is described in UK Patent 1122284, the TURBUHALER (Registered Trademark) which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,524,769, and the device described in European Patent Application 407028.
Devices of the third mentioned type, which generally contain a pressurised reservoir of liquified propellant containing a suspension of the solid medicament and a metering valve for dispensing a suitable dose, are also very well known in the art and is not necessary to describe any particular type here.
However, it is a general problem with the above devices that the efficiency of administration of an accurate dose of medicament to the lung is severely impaired in the absence of any control of the flow of air through the device. In general, excessive inhalation velocity causes a significant proportion of the dose to impinge on the back of the throat, with a resultant short dose reaching the target area in the lungs. By contrast, a very low inhalation velocity results in poor dispersion of the medicament particles. This is known to be a particular problem of devices of the dry powder type which are gaining popularity due to their environmentally friendly attributes.
One way of alleviating the above problem in a dry powder device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,161,524 (Glaxo) wherein the inhalation device is provided with a secondary air conduit as well as the primary air conduit which provides the path for the inhalation medicament to the lung. If the air flow velocity becomes too great through the primary air conduit, then the secondary air conduit opens further thus decreasing the air velocity in the primary air conduit.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
However, this arrangement suffers from the disadvantage that whilst the velocity of air in the primary conduit may be reduced, a large volume of non drug-containing air is drawn in through the secondary air conduit, with the result that the breath of air necessary to secure a proper dose can become very long and drawn out. Furthermore, the arrangement may not be suitable for all the types of inhalation device described previously.
GB-A-2104393 (Glaxo) relates to an inhalation device comprising a housing for medicaments in an aerosol container. The device includes a valve located in a passage between the housing and an outlet. In use, the valve closes if the rate of flow of air inhaled by a patient exceeds a pre-determined amount.
There is provided a device for the administration of an inhalation medicament, including a body defining a through-going air pathway having a longitudinal axis, an air inlet, an air outlet forming a mouthpiece, means for dispensing medicament into the pathway and air flow regulating means, characterised in that the air flow regulating means includes a movable obstructing means adapted to reduce the cross-sectional area of the pathway at a location between the air inlet and the means for dispensing medicament, and biassing means, whereby the obstructing means is biassed into a first resting position in which the cross-sectional area of the pathway is minimum and is adapted to move against the bias of the biassing mea
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Clarke Alastair Robert
Shepherd Michael Trevor
Sleath Clive
Asher Kimberly L.
Fisons plc
Oehler Ross J.
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