Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Liquid composition
Patent
1995-02-22
1996-10-08
McFarlane, Anthony
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Liquid composition
510236, 510509, 510268, C11D 900, C11D 1500, C11D 112
Patent
active
055628567
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pourable, liquid water-based cleaning concentrates which may be used both as scouring cleaners and in dilute form as multipurpose cleaners. Cleaning compositions of the type in question are known and are based on the use inter alia of water-soluble abrasive components which perform the scouring function in concentrated media and largely dissolve in dilute media, but can readily be removed from the substrate after application simply by rinsing with water.
DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART
U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,414 describes stable pastes of about 50 to 65% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, about 50 to 35% by weight of water, about 5 to 20% by weight of sodium chloride and 10 to 30% by weight of C.sub.12-16 fatty acid diethanolamide (based on the water content) which, in concentrated form, have a scouring effect and, in dilute form, clean hard surfaces. The particle size of the sodium bicarbonate is not mentioned. EP 0 193 375 A2 describes liquid cleaners of the type in question which may contain 1.5 to 30% by weight of surfactants and inter alia 6 to 35% by weight of sodium bicarbonate with a mean particle diameter of 10 to 500 .mu.m (more precise figures are not provided). The rest consists of water. EP 0 334 556 A2 describes water-based cleaners of the type in question which contain 1.5 to 40% by weight of surfactants, 2.0 to 65% by weight of predominantly undissolved potassium sulfate with the same particle size as mentioned above, preferably 20 to 300 .mu.m, and optionally 0.5 to 10% by weight of sodium chloride. International patent application WO 91/08282 describes liquid scouring cleaners with water-soluble abrasives which may contain 1.5 to 30% by weight of surfactants, about 45 to about 75% by weight of sodium bicarbonate with a small mean particle size of specifically less than 80 .mu.m and more than 10% by weight of water.
Whereas most of these known cleaning compositions foam excessively in use and/or in terms of their abrasive effect fail to reach the commercial standard of marble powder on account of their inadequate particle size, the cleaners which have been developed in accordance with the present invention do not have any of these disadvantages.
It is much more difficult to form a stable dispersion from relatively large particles than from relatively fine particles because, under Stokes' law on the sedimentation of dispersed particles (see equation 1), the sinking rate V depends upon the square of the radius r of the particles and upon the viscosity n of the medium. It increases with increasing radius, which is equivalent to destabilization, and falls with increasing viscosity, which is equivalent to stabilization. ##EQU1##
The viscosity of very fine-particle dispersions is considerably higher for the same quantity than that of dispersions of relatively coarse particles (see Examples 1 and 2). Although Stokes's equation does not apply entirely in the above form to high-solids systems like those according to the invention, Stokes' sinking rate V is still included in the approximate equations for more concentrated systems. Accordingly, even in concentrated systems, a relatively large particle radius has a destabilizing effect on the dispersion both through the radius and also through the lower viscosity.
A low-foaming surfactant combination has surprisingly been found which not only develops the required cleaning effect, but also enables considerably coarser sodium bicarbonate compared with the teaching of WO 91/8282 to be stably dispersed. This surfactant combination consists essentially of alkyl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfate, optionally alkyl ether sulfate and soap, a thickening alkyl polyglycol ether with a narrow distribution of the ethylene oxide adducts (A. Behler et al., Seifen-ole-Fette-Wachse, 116, 60-68 (1990) and DE 38 17 415) being used as the alkyl polyglycol ether, and is additionally distinguished by the fact that the surfactants are readily biodegradable. Foaming is regulated by addition of the soap. P
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Bocarac Katica
Disch Karl-Heinz
Jeschke Rainer
Kiewert Eva
Grandmaison Real J.
Hailey Patricia L.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
McFarlane Anthony
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