Pourable liquid surfactant concentrate

Details Pourable liquid surfactant concentrate Pourable liquid surfactant concentrate

1992-10-28

1994-09-13

Schofer, Joseph L.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...

25217421, 25217422, 252DIG1, C08F 200, C11D 1825

Patent

active

053469739

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates generally to surface-active agents and, more particularly, to pourable, liquid surfactant concentrates of nonionic surfactant mixtures in water, to a process for the production of the surfactant concentrates and to their use as a polymerization emulsifier.
Adducts of ethylene oxide with alcohols, above all fatty alcohols, are classified as nonionic surfactants (nonionics) by virtue of their detergent properties. An obstacle to the even broader use of these adducts of ethylene oxide with alcohols (so-called alcohol ethyloxylates) is their poor pourability or rather their high viscosity at temperatures in the range from 5.degree. to 20.degree. C. Attempts to reduce their viscosity by addition of water result either in unwanted gel formation or in surfactant solutions of comparatively low concentration.
DE-PS 28 29 697 describes liquid detergent compositions of adducts of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols and adducts of ethylene oxide with internal vicinal alkanediols which do not gel on addition of water. However, internal vicinal diols are unsuitable for a number of applications. Accordingly, the liquid detergent compositions according to DE-PS 28 29 697 are of only limited use.
The problem addressed by the present invention, therefore, was to provide pourable liquid surfactant concentrates which would not contain internal vicinal diols.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a pourable liquid surfactant concentrate containing 50 to 90% by weight surfactant mixtures in water, the surfactant mixtures consisting of compounds corresponding to general formula I primary C.sub.6-22 alcohol attached by carbon and n is a number of 10 to 60, and of compounds corresponding to general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8-16 radical attached by carbon and p and q are each a number of 0 to 25, the sum of p and q being a number of 5 to 25.
The compounds corresponding to general formula I are adducts of ethylene oxide with saturated and/or unsaturated primary alcohols containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and having a degree of ethoxylation n of 10 to 60. The adducts of ethylene oxide with primary alcohols are produced by known methods. Saturated and/or unsaturated primary alcohols containing 6 up to and including 22 carbon atoms and preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms may be used as the starting material. Branched, unbranched, even-numbered or odd-numbered primary alcohols and mixtures thereof may also be used. Even-numbered, unbranched and saturated primary alcohols and mixtures thereof are preferably used. Fatty alcohol mixtures of the type obtained in the sodium reduction or catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acid mixtures from the hydrolysis of native fats and oils are particularly suitable. Examples of such fatty alcohol mixtures are the technical coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow, soybean oil and linseed oil fatty alcohols and, in particular, hydrogenation products thereof.
The ethoxylation of the primary (fatty) alcohols or mixtures thereof is carried out at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of suitable alkoxylation catalysts. The choice of the alkoxylation catalyst influences the width of the spectrum of adducts, the so-called homolog distribution, of ethylene oxide with the alcohol. Thus, so-called broad-range adducts are obtained in the presence of the catalytically, active alkali metal alcoholares, such as sodium ethylate, while so-called narrow-range products are obtained, for example, in the presence of hydrotalcite as catalyst (P 38 13 910.3)
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the compounds corresponding to general formula I are prepared by ethoxylation of C.sub.6-20 fatty alcohols using catalytically active sodium ethylate, 10 to 60 mol ethylene oxide being reacted per mol fatty alcohol depending on the required degree of ethoxylation n.
Compounds corresponding to general formula II are already known as reaction products of ethylene oxide with aliphatic vicinal terminal diols. Thus, DE-PS 11 90 927 describes the

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patent: 5074888 (1991-12-01), Topfl et al.
patent: 5174918 (1992-12-01), Diehl et al.
McCutcheon's Detergents & Emulsifiers 1970 pp. 227, 228.

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