Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Product with added vitamin or derivative thereof for...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-09-27
2003-07-22
Sayala, Chhaya D. (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Product with added vitamin or derivative thereof for...
C426S074000, C426S656000, C426S807000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06596327
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to pourable animal feed additives based on fermentation liquor and containing D-pantothenic acid and/or a salt thereof, and to a process for the preparation of such additives.
2. Discussion of the Background
Pantothenic acid is produced worldwide on a scale of several thousand tons per year, and demand for the product is increasing. Much of the pantothenic acid that is produced is used for feeding productive livestock such as poultry and pigs.
Pantothenic acid can be produced by biotechnology or by chemical synthesis. Biotechnology methods involve fermentation of suitable microorganisms in appropriate nutrient solutions. In chemical synthesis, DL-pantolactone is an important precursor. It is prepared in a multi-step process from formaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde and cyanide where the racemic mixture is resolved, the D-pantolactone is condensed with &bgr;-alanine, and D-panthothenic acid is thus obtained.
The typical commercial form of pantothenic acid is the calcium salt of D-pantothenic acid. The calcium salt of the racemic mixture of D,L-pantothenic acid is also common.
The advantage of preparing pantothenic acid by means of fermentation of microorganisms is that the desired stereoisomeric form, namely the D form, which is free of L-pantothenic acid, is formed directly.
Various types of bacteria, such as, for example,
Escherichia coli, Arthrobacter ureafaciens, Corynebacterium erythrogenes, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes,
and also yeasts, such as, for example,
Debaromyces castellii,
are able to produce D-pantothenic acid under suitable fermentation conditions, as is shown in EP-A-0 493 060, EP-A-0 590 857 and WO 97/10340. Especially suitable microorganisms are the
Escherichia coli
IFO3547 derivatives described therein, such as, for example, the strains FV5069/pFV31 or FV5069/pFV202.
In the preparation of D-pantothenic acid by fermentation, as is described in EP-A-0 493 060, EP-A-0 590 857 and WO 97/10340, a microorganism capable of producing D-panthothenic acid is cultivated in a suitable nutrient medium and the D-pantothenic acid that forms is then isolated, purified and prepared in the form of the calcium salt in a complicated manner.
Suitable nutrient media contain a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a phosphorous source, salts, trace elements and vitamins, and optionally, complex media additives, such as yeast extract. Examples of the carbon source include glucose, starch flour hydrolysate, sucrose and molasses. An example of the nitrogen source is ammonium sulfate. An example of the phosphorous source is potassium phosphate.
According to the current prior art described in WO96/33283 and EP-A-0 590857, the calcium salt of D-pantothenic acid is obtained from the pantothenic acid-containing fermentation liquor by means of a complex isolation and purification operation. After first separating off the biomass by filtration or centrifugation, the filtrate is further purified by means of activated carbon or by column chromatography. After reaction of the resulting solutions with calcium hydroxide, the desired Ca salt is allowed to crystallize.
According to WO 96/33283, the filtrate is decoloured with activated carbon in the first column. A pH value of 3.0 is adjusted using concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the liquid is then purified continuously over two further columns packed with activated carbon. Elution of the D-pantothenic acid takes place with the aid of methyl alcohol. Subsequent neutralisation using Ca(OH)
2
powder yields a solution from which calcium D-pantothenate is obtained by crystallisation at 5° C.
In the method described in EP-A-0 590 857, the filtrate is first purified with the aid of cation- and anion-exchanger columns. Elution takes place with hydrochloric acid. The eluted fraction is then neutralised using Ca(OH)
2
; activated carbon is added thereto and the whole is filtered off. The filtrate that is obtained is then extracted in a low molecular weight alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), and calcium D-pantothenate is obtained by crystallisation.
The calcium D-pantothenate prepared in the described manner is used as an additive in animal feed.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
According to the prior art, salts of D-pantothenic acid or D,L-pantothenic acid are obtained by chemical synthesis or from fermentation liquors and then added in pure form to feeds.
The object of the invention is to provide more readily processable forms of D-panthothenic acid and its salts and processes for the preparation thereof for feeds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a pourable animal feed additive based on fermentation liquor and containing D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof. The feed additive is characterized in that
a) it contains the biomass formed during the fermentation in an amount of from ≧0 to 100%; and
b) it contains at least the predominant part of the further constituents of the fermentation liquor; and
c) it is in solid form, in a particle size distribution of from 20 to 2000 &mgr;m, especially from 50 to 800 &mgr;m, more especially from 150 to 600 &mgr;m, and is pourable.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pourable animal feed additive containing D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof is characterized in that it additionally contains, in solid form, an amount of chloride-containing constituents in a concentration of <3 mg per g of additive, preferably <2 mg per g of additive and especially <1.5 mg per g of additive.
The additives are generally compacted, granulated, or fine-grained, but in any case, pourable form, according to requirements, and contain varying amounts of biomass. The apparent density is from 200 to 800 kg/m
3
, especially approximately from 400 to 700 kg/m
3
.
Pourable in the context of this invention means freely flowing non-clumped particles of a predetermined size which are able to be dispensed from a container. The additives are readily pourable-and storage stable.
If the biomass is separated off further, inorganic solids, for example those which have been added during the fermentation, are generally removed. In addition, the additive according to the invention contains at least the predominant part of the further substances, especially organic, that have been formed or added and are dissolved in the fermentation liquor, insofar as they have not been separated off by suitable processes.
Such substances include organic by-products that are produced and secreted in addition to D-pantothenic acid by the microorganisms used in the fermentation. They include L-amino acids, selected from the group L-methionine, L-lysine, L-valine, L-threonine, L-alanine or L-tryptophan, especially L-valine. They also include organic acids carrying from one to three carboxyl groups, such as, for example, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid or fumaric acid. Finally, they also include sugars, such as, for example, trehalose. Such compounds may be desirable, in that they improve the nutritional value of the additive.
In a preferred form there is prepared a fermentation liquor containing D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof, wherein
a) the fermentation takes place in a substantially chloride-free medium,
b) the resulting fermentation liquor, optionally after separation of the biomass and concentration, is dried, compacted, spray dried, spray granulated or granulated or applied to a carrier or embedded in a stabilising matrix.
The fermentation liquors which are suitable for the process according to the invention are obtained using microorganisms suitable for the production of D-pantothenic acid and that contain D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof. The salts are generally sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium or calcium salt.
The microorganisms may be fungi or yeasts, such as, for example,
Debaromyces castellii,
or Gram-positive bacteria, for example of the genus Corynebacterium, or Gram-negative bacteria, such as, for example, those of the family Enterobacteriaceae. In the case of the family of the Enterobacteriace
Binder Michael
Greissinger Dieter
Moeller Alexander
Moll Matthias
Pfefferle Walter
Degussa - AG
Sayala Chhaya D.
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