Butchering – Slaughtering – Conveying live animals to slaughtering apparatus
Reexamination Certificate
2001-08-16
2003-09-02
Poon, Peter M. (Department: 3643)
Butchering
Slaughtering
Conveying live animals to slaughtering apparatus
C119S846000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06612918
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to method and apparatus for caging poultry caught at a growing site for live haul transport to processing plants where they are slaughtered and dressed for market.
The poultry industry today in the United States and in other countries provides a huge amount of the country's consumable protein, centered on chickens and turkeys. Poultry are raised from chicks to eating size free roaming in a structure called a “house”, a “chicken house” in the case of chickens. Eating size is typically a five to six pound live weight for a “broiler” chicken destined for broiling, frying, grilling, or the like, heavier for chickens for stewing and the like, and often in the forty to fifty pound range for turkeys. When poultry have reached eating size, they are caught, caged and hauled to a poultry processing plant where they are slaughtered and dressed for market. The part of the poultry industry that is responsible for catching, caging and hauling the poultry to a poultry processing plant is called the “live-haul” industry. The term “poultry” or “bird” are used interchangeably and generically refer to chickens, turkeys or other fowl raised for consumption.
A typical modern chicken processing plant receives, slaughters and dresses from 50,000 to 300,000 chickens per day, and a few as many as 500,000 to 700,000 per day. The processing plant must have caged chickens at the plant ready to be unloaded and slaughtered in order to maintain a continuous operation. The live-haul operators are charged with this responsibility. The live-haul process has to be done efficiently and expeditiously in order both to keep the bird numbers flowing to the processing plant and to minimize bird death from holding the poultry too long in cages where massed body heat of the caged poultry causes them to dehydrate without chance of re-watering (especially in hot weather months).
The high daily throughput requirements of modern poultry processing plants in the United States has led to the development of improvements designed to facilitate rapid loading and unloading of caught poultry. Before these improvements were developed, caught poultry were deposited into wooden or plastic single compartment coops that opened at the top accessible from a closeable hatch. Coops were individually man-handled onto flatbed trailers and stacked in side-by-side columns to form rows of stacks that were then lashed to the trailer for transport to the processing plant. At the processing plant, these single compartment coops caused a bottleneck, because the chickens had to be withdrawn by hand. As processing plant slaughter line numbers and speed increased to meet growing sales demands, this bottleneck needed to be overcome, and in consequence, the modern steel poultry cage was developed and is universally used in today's high volume processing plants.
This cage is a multi-tied, multi-compartmented structure having over-the-center, spring loaded doors at the front of each compartment. The doors facilitate not only loading but unloading. At the processing plant the cage is tilted forward (towards the doors) causing the weight of the caged chickens to press against the doors until the spring load is overcome, snapping open the doors and allowed all the chickens in the cage to be dumped from the cage compartments onto wide conveyor collector belts leading to slaughter lines.
The modern steel poultry cage, now a design standard in the United States, is of a size that fits an over-the-road flatbed trailer, which is restricted in width to about eight feet for travel on public roads. Such cages for chickens, have tiers of side-by-side compartments (a row). Each compartment is directly over or under another compartment in a different tier, providing a column of vertically superimposed compartments. Each compartment has a solid fiberglass floor and a front opening, bottom hinged, over-the-center spring loaded solid door that closes a portal or front opening to the compartment. The cage tiers number four, five or six, and have two or three compartments per tier. In a cage having three compartments per tier (called a “three door” cage), the individual compartments run about four feet deep, are about a foot high, and are about 31 inches wide (side to side). In a “two door cage”, the compartments are about 48 inches wide. The compartment width sets the length of the cage, about eight feet, since the length is essentially a combination of compartment widths. Compartment depth sets cage depth. Thus a cage is about eight feet long and four feet deep. A typical compartment holds about 17-20 chickens of five to six pounds for a load of about 100 pounds of chickens per compartment. A five tier “three door” cage (15 compartments) carries about up to about 260-300 chickens at a total of about 1500 pounds of chicken per cage.
Weighing in at 1500 pounds of chickens when filled, the poultry cages are provided with fork tubes built into them along the length of the cage to allow the entire cage to be lifted with a forklift. Fork spread of forklift trucks and cage rigidity mandate that the fork tube pair incorporated into the cage structure run along the length of the cage at the front and rear base of the cage, putting the tubes about four feet apart corresponding to cage depth. Cross members ties together the fork tubes.
A typical live haul crew has chicken catchers, a forklift truck driver and a truck driver for each truck towing a flatbed trailer loaded with cages. Operations using the poultry cages start at the processing plant where empty cages are placed with forklift trucks on flatbed trailers with the length of the cage running across the width of the trailer, the single orientation permitted by the run of the fork tubes where the only approach available to the forklift to load the length of the trailer is from the side. Cages are loaded side by side the length of the trailer, then another row of cages is stacked and lashed atop the bottom row.
A forklift truck accompanies the cages to the chicken house farm where grown chickens ready for slaughter are to be caught in the house and are caged for transport to the processing plant. At the farm, the driver of the forklift truck has certain logistical factors to observe, both in unloading and delivering empty cages to a catching crew, and in fetching filled cages and loading the filled cages on a flatbed trailer for transport to the processing plant. When loading filled cages onto the transport trailer, good practice is to place the cages on the trailer with the cage doors facing all one way, preferably to the front where the doors face the wind, for better efficiency in unloading the cages at the processing plant for dumping. If the forklift driver picks up a filled cage with the doors to the driver's right, in order to place the doors to the front of the trailer, the driver must approach the trailer from the right side of the trailer (viewed from the rear of the trailer to the front). If the forklift driver picks up a filled cage with the doors to the left, in order to place the doors to the front of the trailer, the driver must approach the trailer from the left side of the trailer.
At the poultry house farm, the forklift truck perpendicularly approaches the trailer carrying empty cages (now unlashed), spears a cage with the forks inserted into the cage fork tubes, lifts and removes the cage, and carries it into the chicken house. Inside, the forklift takes the cage to a working area and elevates one fork higher than the other to tilt the cage from rear to front (front higher than the back). A worker places a prop under the cage to fix the tilt, the forks are withdrawn, and a worker opens the cage doors. Chicken catchers grab poultry by the legs, several at a time, and push them into the tilted cage through the opened front. The inserted poultry instinctively want to right themselves immediately and move up to the opening of the compartment to escape. The solid and comparatively smooth plastic surface of the compartment floor is a new phenomenon
Holladay John
Livingston Bernard
Bright Coop Co.
Olszewski Joan M.
Poon Peter M.
Wise Robert E.
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