Radiant energy – Photocells; circuits and apparatus – Photocell controlled circuit
Patent
1990-02-15
1992-04-07
Nelms, David C.
Radiant energy
Photocells; circuits and apparatus
Photocell controlled circuit
313103CM, H01J 3150
Patent
active
051030837
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
spatially to the incident radiation and/or charged particles. The accelerated charged image is successively impinged on at least one of a pair of interdigitated electrodes at a series of stages downstream in the accelerated direction of the charged image. The interdigitated electrodes at each successive impingement have different electrode patterns. After the stages, the charged image is collected; the electrodes impinged upon are compared; and the locations of the charges making up the charged image are determined.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention orthogonal pairs of electrodes at each stage are provided to determine both the X and Y location of the charges of the charged image.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention the electrode patterns include a broad pattern bisecting the accelerated charged image and finer patterns bisecting the electrodes of the next broader pattern. In a preferred aspect of the invention the finest pattern is arranged at the beginning stage.
In accordance with still another aspect of this invention the charged image is amplified at each of the stages of impingement.
In accordance with still another aspect of this invention a microchannel plate with orthogonal pairs of electrodes on its surfaces is provided at each stage for impingement and amplification of the charged image.
These features and aspects of the present invention will become more apparent upon a perusal of the following specification and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein similar characters of reference represent similar elements in each of the several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing, partly in a foreshortened elevational sectional form and partly in block diagram form, of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing electrode patterns and the Gray code for the pixels determinable with the patterns.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings there is shown a position sensitive detector 10 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The detector 10 includes a vacuum chamber housing 11 for receiving an image of incident radiation, charged particles and/or energetic neutral particles at one end on the input face of a dual microchannel plate 20. From the microchannel plate 20 the image is passed through a series of microchannel plates 30a, b, c, d . . . successively positioned downstream from the dual microchannel plate 20 toward a collection plate 40. Since the PSD 10 can include the appropriate desired number of microchannel plates 30 in the series, the PSD is shown foreshortened for purposes of illustration.
The dual microchannel plate 20 includes a chevron configuration of cascaded microchannel electron multiplier plates 22 and 23 such as a fused array of lead glass tubes or channels. Typical tube interior diameters are 10 .mu.m with 15.mu.m spacing between centers. The plate thickness (equivalently, the tube length) is approximately 0.5 mm, corresponding to a channel aspect ratio of 50. The interior of the tubes have a high secondary electron coefficient and are slightly conductive. A suitable photocathode can be provided preceding the dual microchannel plate 20 to convert photons to an electron burst and/or a thin foil can be provided to convert charged or neutral particles to secondary electrons.
A metallic electrode is vacuum evaporated on to both faces of each plate 22 and 23. By applying voltage across the microchannel plate surfaces, electric field is produced along each tube so that an electron entering a tube is accelerated toward the other end. When an electron strikes the wall, several electrons are emitted and each of these repeats the process. Single plate 22 can output 10.sup.3 -10.sup.4 electrons per incident electron. The second microchannel plate 23 accepting the output of the first plate 22 can provide an additional 10.sup.3 gain. The lateral position of the incident electrons is preserved.
The microchannel plates
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This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-AC03-89ER80742 awarded by the DOE. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
The present invention relates, in general, to a position sensitive detector and method, more particularly to a position sensitive detector incorporating a plurality of microchannel plates patterned with interdigitated electrodes.
Newcome Bruce H.
Reed David A.
Allen S.
Charles Evans & Associates
Nelms David C.
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