Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
Reexamination Certificate
1997-11-03
2001-03-06
Weiss, John G. (Department: 3763)
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
C604S131000, C604S151000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06196992
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to treatment of patients using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). More specifically, the present invention relates to a portable pump apparatus for CAPD and a method for providing CAPD to a patient.
It is known to use dialysis to support a patient whose renal function has decreased to the point where the kidneys no longer sufficiently function. Two principal dialysis methods are utilized: hemodialysis; and peritoneal dialysis.
In hemodialysis, the patient's blood is passed through an artificial kidney dialysis machine. A membrane in the machine acts as an artificial kidney for cleansing the blood. Because it is an extracorporeal treatment that requires special machinery, there are certain inherent disadvantages with hemodialysis.
To overcome the disadvantages associated with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis was developed. Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the patient's own peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane. The peritoneum is a membranous lining of the abdominal body cavity that due to a large number of blood vessels and capillaries is capable of acting as a natural semi-permeable membrane.
In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, a dialysis solution is introduced into the peritoneal cavity utilizing a catheter. Solutes (e.g., urea, creatinine, etc.) diffuse from the blood into the dialysate due to the presence of a diffusion gradient. Similarly, the presence of an osmotic gradient between the peritoneal cavity and the blood causes fluid to be removed from the body into the dialysate which is then drained through the catheter. These processes allow the proper chemical and fluid balance to be returned to the body.
After a sufficient period of time, an exchange of solutes between the dialysate and the blood is achieved. Fluid removal is achieved by providing a suitable osmotic gradient from the blood to the dialysate to permit water out flow from the blood. This allows the proper acid-base, electrolyte and fluid balance to be returned to the blood, and the dialysis solution is simply drained from the body cavity through the catheter.
Peritoneal dialysis raises a number of issues including: the danger of peritonitis; a lower efficiency and therefore increased duration of dialysis hours compared to hemodialysis; and cost issues when automated equipment is utilized.
A number of variations on peritoneal dialysis have been explored. One such variation is reciprocating, recirculating, or semi-continuous peritoneal dialysis. In such systems, dialysis solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity and then, typically, on a continuous process basis a portion of the dialysis solution is sequentially drained, cleansed, and reinfused.
Currently, a CAPD patient drains the peritoneal cavity by means of gravity alone. This however is rather time consuming. For example, the drainage takes about fifteen minutes on the average, depending on the patient's body position. As such, CAPD is relatively inconvenient for the patient.
Certain attempts have been made to improve the process of draining fluid from a patient. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,165 to McNeil et al. discloses a wearable, variable rate suction and collection device for the withdrawal and collection of fluid from a patient. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,466 to Babb discloses a body fluid drainage device which may be mounted externally on the body of a patient and may be driven by a portable source of power. In addition, recycled effluent systems are currently used but are not portable.
Therefore, a need has arisen for a portable drainage pump apparatus to assist flow and to improve CAPD drainage times.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an improved CAPD apparatus and a method for providing CAPD to a patient. The apparatus for use in the method comprises a portable pump apparatus for reducing the time necessary for conducting CAPD.
To this end, a portable pump apparatus for providing CAPD to a patient is provided. The apparatus comprises: a housing; a pump located in the housing; a power supply electrically connected to the pump to energize the pump; and a cover mounted to the housing to enclose the pump, the cover having an inlet port and an outlet port constructed and arranged to securely hold a tube restricting motion of the tube outside of the cover.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises a control means constructed and arranged for adjusting the speed of the pump.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises a fastening means constructed and arranged on the housing for providing attachment to a patient.
In an embodiment, the power supply is a rechargeable battery.
In an embodiment, the pump is a reversible roller pump.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for displaying CAPD information located on the housing.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for processing operatively connected to the pump.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises a volume sensor connected to the means for processing.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for determining urea clearance data connected to the means for processing.
In an embodiment, the means for processing is a microprocessor.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for measuring CAPD data connected to the means for processing.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for storing CAPD data connected to the means for processing.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises an alarm means connected to the means for processing.
In another embodiment, a portable pump apparatus for conducting CAPD by pumping a fluid into a patient and an effluent out of a patient is provided. The apparatus comprises a power source; a length of tubing having a first end connectable to a container holding fluid and a second end connectable to a patient; means for pumping the fluid from the container into the patient and the effluent out of the patient into the container, the means for pumping connected to the power source.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for varying the speed of the means for pumping.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for storing the at least one CAPD parameter.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for processing the at least one CAPD parameter.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for removably attaching the means for pumping to a patient.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises a cover constructed and arranged on the means for pumping, the cover having at least one port capable of holding the length of tubing restricting movement of the tubing outside the cover.
In an embodiment, the cover is constructed of a transparent material.
In an embodiment, the portable pump apparatus for CAPD further comprises means for determining at least one CAPD parameter.
In an embodiment, the at least one CAPD parameter is volume of effluent displaced.
In another embodiment, a method for providing CAPD to a patient is provided. The method comprises the steps of: providing a portable pump apparatus for CAPD; connecting the portable pump apparatus to a source of dialysate; pumping the dialysate into the patient using the portable pump apparatus; and pumping effluent out of the patient using the portable pump apparatus.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of monitoring urea clearance.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of displaying urea clearance information on the portable pump apparatus.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of monitoring volume of effluent displaced.
It is, therefore, an advantage of the present i
Keilman Michael R.
Smith Kelly B.
Barrett Robert M.
Baxter International Inc.
Kelly Paula J. F.
Mattenson Charles R.
Rodriguez Cris L.
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