Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Liquid collection
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-08
2001-06-05
Winakur, Eric F. (Department: 3736)
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
Liquid collection
C119S174000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06241688
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE EQUIPMENT
Ruminal and metabolic diseases of ruminants are very often presented in cows. Most of these diseases are developed in a subclinical form without manifesting evident clinical signs. That means the affected animals are found in an apparent good health-state, nevertheless the production may be decreased from 10 to 30%, without the owner's nor the veterinarians' awareness regarding that. As a rule, the first biochemical changes in the sick animal are presented in both the ruminal fluid and urine in a higher degree than in the blood, by this reason it is possible for the determination of them in the field conditions to use a single equipment that is of a very low cost.
Taking as a base the clinical record, the physical examination of the animals and the performing of single analyses in ruminal fluid and urine, veterinarians may diagnose most of these diseases in the practice, without requiring the sending of samples to the referral laboratories. Both metabolic and ruminal diseases (in a subclinical form), could be diagnosed in the field conditions with the proposed equipment.
With this equipment veterinarians will be able to diagnose in a different way sixteen different diseases in cattle, sheep and goats, using for this purpose just a very short time (from 15 to 20 minutes only).
Among the diseases which reference is made to, there are chronic ruminal acidosis, acute ruminal acidosis, acute ruminal alkalosis, chronic ruminal alkalosis, simple indigestion, putrefaction of ruminal content, intoxication by urea, ketosis, hepatic steatosis, left displacement of abomasum, right displacement of abomasum, ruminal microflora insufficiency in calves, dysfunction of esophageal groove in calves, abomasum dilatation and right displacement of abomasum in calves, left displacement of abomasum in calves and diverse inflammatory processes on the different animal species. The treatments that may be performed with the help of this equipment consist firstly in ruminal fluid taking (from 5 to 10 liters) from a healthy cow and the subsequent applying of the same to a sick cow, specially during diverse diseases as are the ruminal diseases, ketosis, hepatic steatosis, intoxication, toxemies and anorexia in general. In this way both bacteria and protozoa from the healthy cow are applied to the sick one in a treatment practically without cost. The equipment is also useful for the treatment on other kind of ruminal species as well as for the control and optimization of feeding rations; through its utilization it is possible to perform the diagnosis and prevention of:
1. Sixteen different metabolic diseases, both clinical and subclinical ruminal disorders on real field conditions, into a lapse from 15 to 20 minutes, may be diagnosed.
2. It is possible to prevent the presence of metabolic diseases, ruminal disorders and related diseases (mastitis, disorders of reproductive apparatus, infectious diseases, low immunity and viability, and diarrhoea in calves).
3. With the increase on the production and quality (of milk and meat) it is possible to lengthen the productive span of life of cows.
4. The mortality percentage of ruminants it is diminished, that implies a great economic advantage if it is considered that out of the 34 million bovines with which Mexico accounts, approximately 27 million are addressed to meet production, 3.5 million to milk production and the remaining to other kind of purposes.
Authors as Paasch, M. L. et al. (1994) meat mention about the frequency of subclinical ruminal acidosis found in dairy cows with high production is 36%, and 16% with standard production. We may say that approximately 140 000 dairy cows suffer from ruminal acidosis in a subclinical form, only out of 700 000 cows with high production.
Along the course of this disease the milk production of the cow may become diminished from 10% to 30%, which is equivalent to an average of 3 liters per cow per day.
The annual diminution in cows with high production in Mexico due to subclinical ruminal acidosis, has been evaluated in 50 400 000 liters of milk (without accounting neither the losses caused on milk quality nor the losses caused by the diverse related diseases: affections of the reproductive apparatus, rumenitis-hepatitis, mastitis). On the other hand it has not been possible to determine the losses caused by other metabolic diseases such as ketosis, ruminal alkalosis, among others, but it is possible that these losses might be higher than those due to subclinical ruminal acidosis.
In beef cattle (27 million animals) the economic losses are higher and more important than in dairy cows, however the frequency of metabolic and ruminal diseases in beef cows it is unknown.
Most of the metabolic diseases and ruminal disorders in sheep and goats (approximately 18 million animals) may be diagnosed, treated and prevented with our equipment. Both ruminal disorders and the economic advantage of the usage of our equipment for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases are very important, not only for the health of the animals but also for the production systems' economy.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3696787 (1972-10-01), Cooper
patent: 5380525 (1995-01-01), Leedle et al.
patent: 5503112 (1996-04-01), Luhman et al.
patent: 5697326 (1997-12-01), Mottram et al.
patent: 1067176 (1959-10-01), None
patent: 1019516 (1991-12-01), None
patent: 2634633 (1990-02-01), None
patent: 2056944 (1996-03-01), None
Derwent Abstract of RU 2056944 dated Mar. 27, 1996 (Database WPI Section Ch, Week 9651, London GB).
Geihauser, Thomas “An Instrument of Collection and Transfer of Ruminal Fluid and for Administration of Water Soluble Drugs in Adult Cattle.” The Bovine Practitioner, No. 27, (Sep. 1993) pp. 38-42.
Howard, Jimmy L. “Ruminal Metabolic Acidosis.” The Bovine Practioner, No. 16(Nov. 1981) pp. 44-53.
Nordlund, Kenneth, et al. “Herd-Based Rumenocentesis: A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Subacute Rumen Acidosis.” The Compendium Aug. 1995, S48 Food Animal, (8 pages).
Roussel, Allen J., et al. “Interpreting a Bovine Serum Chemistry Profile: Part 1.” Veterinary Medicine, (Jun. 1997) pp. 553-566.
Nocek, James E. “Bovine Acidosis: Implications on Laminitis.” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 80, No. 5 (1997) pp. 1005-1028.
Oetzel, G.R., et al. “Screening of Anionic Salts for Palatability, Effects on Acid-Base Status, and Urinary Calcium Excretion in Dairy Cows.” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 74, No. 3 (1991) pp. 965-971.
Uribe, H.A., et al. “Genetic Parameters for Common Health Disorders of Holstein Cows.” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 78, No. 2 (1995) pp. 421-430.
Abstract of Grohn, Y.T., et al. “Epidemiology of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle: Associations among Host Characteristics, Disease and Production.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 8, No. 1 (1990) pp. 25-39.
Abstract of Nocek, J.E. “Bovine Acidosis: Implications on Laminitis.” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 80, No. 5 (May 1997) pp. 1005-1028.
Abstract of Nordlund, K.V., et al. “Herd-Based Rumenocentesis: A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Subacute Rumen Acidosis.” Food-Animal-Medicine-and-Management, vol. 17, No. 8 (1995) pp. s48-s56.
Abstract of Tanwar, R.K., et al. “Biochemical and microbial changes in experimentally induced rumen acidosis in goats.” Indian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 53, No. 3 (1983) pp. 271-274 (Record 3 of 12).
Abstract of Moore, J.N., et al. “Equine Endotoxemia: An Insight Into Cause and Treatment.” Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 179, No. 5 (1981) pp. 473-477 (Record 4 of 12).
Abstract of Mount, M.E., et al. “Diagnostic Criteria for Carbaryl Poisoning in Sheep.” Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., vol. 10, No. 4 (1981) pp. 483-495 (Record 5 of 12).
Abstract of Hartmann, V.H., et al. “Pathogenesis of Calf Diarrhoea with Conclusions for Dietary Action.” Monatsh. Veterinarmed, vol. 36, No. 10 (1981) pp. 371-377 (Record 7 of 12).
Abstract of Boyd, J.W. “Relationships between acid-base balance, serum composition and colostrum absorption in newborn calves.” Br. Vet. J., vol. 145,
Bouda Jan
Doubek Jaroslay
Dvorak Rudolf
Jardon Samuel Genaro Herrera
Paasch Leopoldo Henry Martinez
Ladas & Parry
Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico
Winakur Eric F.
Wingood Pamela
LandOfFree
Portable equipment for obtaining and analyzing ruminal... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Portable equipment for obtaining and analyzing ruminal..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Portable equipment for obtaining and analyzing ruminal... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2504092