Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1993-10-14
1996-01-30
Robinson, Douglas W.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536123, 5361231, 426 46, 426133, 426654, 4241951, C07H 108, A61K 3578, A23L 300, A23B 700
Patent
active
054881056
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to polysaccharides obtained from seeds of Hymenaea plants belonging to the genus Hymenaea, which are utilized as a thickener, a gelatinizer, a stabilizer for suspension or emulsion, and the like in the field of foods, chemicals and medicaments.
BACKGROUND ART
Hitherto, guar gum, locust bean gum and the like have been known as polysaccharides derived from seeds of plants. However, it is difficult to stably supply plant seeds which are raw materials of these polysaccharides, on the grounds such as that the yields thereof are influenced by weather conditions. Thus, a new material as a substitution for them has been searched for a long time.
On the other hand, seeds of Hymenaea, which is a plant growing in the valley of the Amazon, have been resources having little use except that native children sometimes eat powder of the fruit thereof.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors found that seeds of a Hymenaea plant could give a useful polysaccharide, and accomplished the present invention.
A Hymenaea plant is a high evergreen tree of Leguminosae. The place of origin of a Hymenaea plant is tropical America. It is growing in the area from Brazil to west Indies centering on the valley of the Amazon. Sometimes, a Hymenaea plant is also referred to as Jatoba bean. Examples of Hymenaea plants are Hymenaea courbaril L., Hymenaea stilbocarpa Hayne, Hymenaea parviforia Hub., Hymenaea intermedia Ducke, Hymenaea palustris Ducke, Hymenaea oblongifolia Hub., and the like.
The polysaccharide of the present invention can be prepared for example by the following method:
Seeds from which testae are removed are allowed to absorb sufficient water. Then, the seeds are ground and dried to give a crude polysaccharide. The crude polysaccharide is suspended in an aqueous alkaline-alcohol solution and filtered off. The residue is ground and dried to give a polysaccharide treated with the alkaline-alcohol. This may be subjected to further purification by a conventional method.
According to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (column: OH pak KB-800P, KB80M.times.2, eluate: 0.05 mol NaNO.sub.3), the molecular weight of the above-obtained polysaccharide treated with the alkaline-alcohol was 5,000-2,000,000.
The polysaccharide was subject to hydrolysis in 1N sulfuric acid at 100.degree. C. for 6 hours. An investigation using HPLC revealed that thus obtained constituent sugars were arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. The ratio of the constituent sugars was different from a general ratio of constituent sugars of polysaccharide of Tamarind seeds.
When the polysaccharide was allowed to react in the presence of enzyme cellulose "Onozuka" (resistered trade mark) R-10 (.beta.-1,4-glucanase) in a citrate buffer solution (pH 3.8) at 37.degree. C. for 42 hours, it was cleavaged to oligosaccharides. Thus, it was found that the main chain of the polysaccharide was .beta.-1,4-glucan.
Therefore, the polysaccharide of the present invention are obtained from seeds of a Hymenaea plant, and have the following properties:
(1) The molecular weight is 5,000-2,000,000.
(2) The constituent sugars are arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose.
(3) The main chain is .beta.-1,4-glucan.
The polysaccharide of the present invention further has the following physicochemical properties:
[IR spectrum]
Infrared (IR) spectrum of the polysaccharide of the present invention by the potassium bromide tablet method is as shown in FIG. 1.
[NMR spectra]
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (.sup.13 C-NMR) spectrum (at 75 MH.sub.z) as to the polysaccharide of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (.sup.1 H-NMR) spectrum (at 300 MH.sub.z) as to the polysaccharide of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3. In both the above cases, heavy water was used as a solvent, and sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionate 2,2,3,3-d.sub.4 (TSP-d.sub.4) was used as an external standard.
[Viscosity]
The polysaccharide treated with the alkaline-alcohol were heated to dissolve in wat
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Ohtsu Keiji
Takeno Fumio
Uno Yoichiro
Yamatoya Kazuhiko
Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Lee Howard C.
Robinson Douglas W.
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