Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Lymphokine
Patent
1981-12-23
1985-10-29
Schain, Howard E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Lymphokine
260112R, 424 85, 424 89, 424 95, 514 21, C07G 700, A61K 3900, A61K 3556, A61K 39395
Patent
active
045500207
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the use as a drug of special polypeptide fractions, which can be isolated from mussels. The invention further relates to drugs containing such polypeptide fractions. More specifically the invention relates to the use of the polypeptide fractions in question as an anti-microbial drug, especially an anti-bacterial agent for prophylaxis against and treatment of bacterial infections, and as an anti-viral or immunization agent, especially as a vaccine, for example as a vaccine against myxo virus infections, such as influenza vaccine.
Epidemic influenza is a great problem which one has tried to solve by inoculation with vaccines prepared by known methods, which i.a. involve cultivation in chicken eggs. This, however, involves great difficulties since the prepared vaccines are active only against the specific virus type used. Thus, it is necessary to prepare a special vaccine for each special virus type. This is in practice most unsatisfactory since influenza virus--and other viruses--readily mutate to a new type which remains uneffected by the vaccine in question. Further, the preparation of influenza vaccines starting from live virus is complex, and the prepared vaccine contains undesired contaminants, which cause undesired side effects and may reduce the immunization effect that can be obtained. These problems have partly been solved in that methods have been developed for isolating immunogenic components from influenza virus, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase: see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,064,232. Although part of the drawbacks of conventional influenza vaccines have been eliminated by this method, the problem still remains that the effect of the vaccine is restricted to a special virus type. Furthermore, the method of preparation is complex, and it is also in this case necessary to work with live viruses.
Bacterial infections are frequently occurring and also form a problem which is difficult to solve. For example, wound infections of various pathogenous bacterial strains form a most feared complication in various types of surgery ("hospital disease"). This problem is biggest in deep cavities and wounds, which makes it extremely difficult to conduct conventional treatment with antibiotics. Further, many bacterial strains have developed resistance to antibiotics by mutation. For many antibiotics the effect is also restricted to a narrow spectrum of bacteria. So far no satisfactory solution to these and similar problems have been found. The same is applicable for infections caused by protozoa.
There is thus a great need of a drug which provides an effective immune protection against various types of viruses and which further can be produced in sufficient amounts using technologically/economically possible methods. There is also a great need of an anti-microbial drug which is active against attacks of a broad spectrum of pathogenous bacteria. The present invention aims at solving i.a. these problems.
The solution proposed according to the invention means a completely new approach of attacking these problems. In contrast to, for example, known techniques in the anti-virus field virus is not at all used, neither alive nor killed. The invention instead thereof makes use of certain polypeptide fractions, which are present in comparatively great amounts in the body fluids of mussels, in particular Mytius species. These polypeptide fractions can be isolated by comparatively simple separation methods which are known per se, such as column chromatographic separation.
The polypeptide fractions used according to the invention are characterized by their capability of binding sialic acid biospecifically in the presence of calcium ions. By this is meant that the polypeptide fraction in question should be capable of biospecifically being affinity bonded to at least one amino sugar from the group of sialic acids. The expression "sialic acids" is herein used in its generally accepted meaning, viz. as N- and/or O-substituted acyl derivatives (e.g. acetyl and/or glycocyl derivatives) of neuraminic aci
REFERENCES:
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Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1976, 4(3), 473-475, Hardy et al.
Chem. Abstracts, vol. 63, 1965, 8908h, Schmeer et al.
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Chem. Abstracts, vol. 72, 1970, 29217y, Liu et al.
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