Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From carboxylic acid or derivative thereof
Patent
1997-07-21
1999-02-02
Hampton-Hightower, P.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From carboxylic acid or derivative thereof
528314, 528315, 528317, 528318, 528323, 528335, 528345, 525178, 525181, 525426, 525432, C08G 6948, C08L 7700
Patent
active
058666737
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to polymerizable derivatives of polyamides, to processes for graft polymerization on such derivatized polyamides and finally to graft polymers and shaped articles produced by these processes.
By means of grafting reactions it is possible to modify the surfaces of polymers and of shaped articles made from polymers, making it possible to attain properties which are not achievable with the base polymer alone.
Various processes for carrying out grafting reactions are known. Such processes, together with their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed in detail, for example, in WO 91/03 506. For example, the grafting can be carried out using excitation with high-energy radiation, but undesirable side-reactions occur with this: degradation of the polymer chains, which impairs the mechanical strength of the polymers, and crosslinking reactions which lead to embrittlement of the material. Other processes of graft polymerization require the use of a strongly acid medium, but polyamides are partially hydrolyzed during these. Still further processes for graft polymerization are based on chain transfer, where a free-radical initiator induces a homopolymerization of the monomer in the presence of the base polymer which is to be grafted. The grafting location cannot be controlled as desired.
WO 91/03 506 describes a process for grafting onto polyamide membranes, in which the free-radical reaction is initiated by treating with carbon tetrachloride in the presence of a reducing agent. In this process, the free-radical chain is initiated via an un-known reaction mechanism starting from a haloamide. It is known from the literature that haloamides are very reactive. This can lead to undesired reactions, such as the covalent binding of proteins when a derivatized membrane is used. In addition, the use of reducing agents impairs the mechanical properties of the polyamide.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process for the targeted derivatization of polyamides. These derivatized polymers can then be reacted further by known processes. The derivatized polyamides which are provided should retain their mechanical properties to a sufficient extent that these processes are applicable, for example, even for hollow-fiber membranes.
The invention relates to polyamides which are derivatized with polymerizable double bonds and are obtainable by reacting the polyamide with a compound which comprises both a polymerizable double bond and also an oxirane ring. Compounds of the formula I are preferred as compounds which comprise both a polymerizable double bond and also an oxirane ring: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sub.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.3, carbon atoms and
The invention also relates to graft polymers obtainable by polymerization of monomers onto, as base polymer, a polyamide derivatized according to the invention with polymerizable double bonds.
Particular preference is given to graft polymers which comprises monomer units of the formula II, III, IV or V: ##STR2## where: R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.3, carbon atoms and ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.3, --COOH, with --SO.sub.3 H or with NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, or aryl with from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H or with --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, with --SO.sub.3 H or with NR.sup.7 R.sub.8, or aryl with from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H or with --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, basic or one of the radicals is neutral, and to 5 carbon atoms. ##STR4## where: R.sup.1, R.sub.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.3, carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 5,
The separation effector may in particular be one of the following: H.sub.2, --NR.sup.7 R.sub.8 and N.sup.+ R.sup.7 R.sup.8 R.sup.9, to 5 carbon atoms and X=N.sup.+ R.sup.7 R.sup.8 R.sup.9, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 may not be H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.25 -aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.25 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 -C.su
REFERENCES:
patent: 4595730 (1986-06-01), Blondel et al.
patent: 4874817 (1989-10-01), Inskip et al.
patent: 5177144 (1993-01-01), Torres et al.
patent: 5326830 (1994-07-01), Aharoni
Gensert Roland
Muller Egbert
Seiler Anja
Hampton-Hightower P.
Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung
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