Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Implant or insert
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-07
2001-01-23
Azpuru, Carlos A. (Department: 1615)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Implant or insert
C424S489000, C424S490000, C514S772100, C514S772300, C514S773000, C514S777000, C528S354000, C528S361000, C128S898000, C525S054100, C525S054200, C525S408000, C525S413000, C525S415000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06177095
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to improved photopolymerizable biodegradable hydrogels for use as tissue adhesives, coatings, sealants and in controlled drug delivery devices. The improved materials incorporate carbonate and/or dioxanone linkages. These biodegradable linkages allow improved control of various properties of the macromers, particularly increasing viscosity while preserving biodegradability.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,016 to Hubbell et al. discloses biocompatible, biodegradable macromers which can be polymerized to form hydrogels. The macromers are block copolymers that include a biodegradable block, a water-soluble block with sufficient hydrophilic character to make the macromer water-soluble, and one or more polymerizable groups. The polymerizable groups are separated from each other by at least one degradable group, Hubbell specifically discloses using polyhydroxy acids, such as polylactide, polyglycolide and polycaprolactone as the biodegradable polymeric blocks. One of the disclosed uses for the macromers is to plug or seal leaks in tissue.
Other hydrogels have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,763 to Dunn et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,100,992 and 4,826,945 to Cohn et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,741,872 and 5,160,745 to De Luca et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,864 to Suggs et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,478 to Nowinski et al. Methods of using such polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,934 to Hubbell et al. and PCT WO 96/29370 by Focal.
While numerous references disclose using homopolymers and copolymers including carbonate linkages to form solid medical devices, such as sutures, suture coatings and drug delivery devices (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,301,824 to Hostettler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,775 to Rosensaft et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,080 to Casey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,716,20 to Casey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,857,602 to Casey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,168 to Casey, EP 0 390 860 B1 by Boyle et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,772 to Tang et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,756 to Chesterfield et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,347 to Roby et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,522,841 to Roby et al.), none of these publications discloses incorporating polymerizable groups on the polymers so that the polymers can be further polymerized. Accordingly, none of these polymers can be used in the same manner as the macromers in U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,016 to Hubbell et al.
Sealing or plugging holes in lung tissue is inherently more difficult than sealing other types of tissue because the tissue is constantly expanded and contracted during normal respiration. It would be advantageous to provide macromers which can be rapidly polymerized in vivo to form hydrogels which are more elastic than conventional hydrogels, for example, for use in sealing lung tissue.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide biodegradable, biocompatible macromers that can be rapidly polymerized in vivo to form hydrogels which are more elastic than conventional hydrogels.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a macromer solution which can be administered during surgery or outpatient procedures and polymerized as a tissue adhesive, cell encapsulating medium, tissue sealant, wound dressing or drug delivery device.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a macromer solution which can be polymerized in vivo on a surface to be coated in a very short time frame to form conformal coating layers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Biocompatible, biodegradable, polymerizable and at least substantially water-soluble macromers and methods of preparation and use thereof are disclosed. The macromers are block copolymers that include at least one water-soluble block, at least one biodegradable block, and at least one polymerizable group. At least one of the biodegradable blocks comprises a linkage based on a carbonate or dioxanone group, and the macromers can contain other degradable linkages or groups in addition to carbonate or dioxanone.
The carbonate and dioxanone linkages impart more elasticity to the polymer and degrade at a different rate than hydroxy acid linkages. Carbonate linkages can also increase macromer viscosity, at a given concentration, without requiring increased molecular weight of the nondegradable components of the macromer. The macromers can also include poly(hydroxy acid) linkages which degrade by hydrolysis into relatively non-toxic hydroxy acid residues, or other biodegradable blocks such as polycaprolactones, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, and polypeptides. The degradation time of the polymers can be controlled, for example, by selecting the types and proportion of the biodegradable blocks.
The polymerizable groups can be polymerized by either free radical (homolytic) processes or by heterolytic processes (such as cationic polymerization). Preferably, the groups are polymerized photochemically. The macromer can be polymerized in the presence of prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic agents, for delivery of the incorporated agents in a controlled manner as the resulting polymer degrades. The macromers are useful for delivering hydrophobic, hydrophilic and/or labile materials. They can be particularly useful for delivery of hydrophobic materials.
The macromers can be polymerized in an interfacial manner to form ultrathin coatings which are intimately adhered to the coated surface, or in a bulk manner to form relatively thick coatings which may or may not be intimately adhered to the coated surface. Alternatively, the two methods can be combined to provide a relatively thick coating which is intimately adhered to the surface. Each of these methods is advantageous for certain applications.
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paten
Avila Luis Z.
Barman Shikha P.
Coury Arthur J.
Enscore David J.
Goodrich Stephen D.
Arnall Golden & Gregory LLP
Azpuru Carlos A.
Focal, Inc
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