Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...
Patent
1994-03-07
1997-07-15
Zitomer, Fred
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...
526278, 526310, 526312, 526328, 5263285, 4273722, 4273831, 427387, 4273885, C08F23002, C08F22602
Patent
active
056484429
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to new polymers, processes for producing them and processes for coating surfaces with them. The invention also provides improved processes for producing certain monomers and to certain new monomers used to obtain the polymers. The polymers are useful for coating surfaces of devices and materials which come into contact with protein-containing solutions and biological fluids, and rendering the surfaces bio- and haemocompatible. Surfaces may thus be rendered suitable for prolonged contact with living tissues and body fluids and with protein-containing solutions.
Materials used in the manufacture of separation substrates and devices, blood contacting devices contact and intraocular lenses, and other devices which are used in contact with protein-containing or biological fluids must be selected on the basis of acceptable physical and mechanical properties and compatibility with the protein-containing or biological fluid. For any given application of these materials it is usually difficult to optimise all of these considerations simultaneously and a compromise must be reached often resulting in less than optimal performance. For example, major biological problems are often encountered with materials which have otherwise optimal mechanical and physical properties. These problems often manifest themselves as undesirable deposition of biological components and in particular proteinaceous material. This protein adsorption results in blood clot formation in blood-contacting materials, the adsorption of tear components onto contact lenses resulting in deposit formation, formation of deposits on intraocular lenses and in separation media it results in blockage and failure of separation devices. Such effects lead to significant loss in operational performance and often complete rejection and failure of devices.
In the case of medical devices, for example prostheses and components of blood dialysis equipment, it is common practice to employ biocompatible polymers to form at least the surface of the devices to discourage protein adsorption. However, these materials are not perfect and reaction with the living tissues still remains a problem; for example surface-induced thrombosis is still a major difficulty, particularly where large quantities of blood are contacted with a foreign surface such as in artificial lungs and kidneys. Formation of a clot in an artificial organ has a number of adverse or even catastrophic effects including occlusion of the blood pathway in the extracorporeal system, or embolism if the clot breaks off the artificial surface and lodges in a host blood vessel. Dialysis membranes, heart valves, circulatory-assist devices, blood substitutes and artificial lungs all share this problem.
It is known that materials for use as biocompatible coatings should ideally: adversely changed; the specific function of the device for which they are intended; and mechanical or surface properties;
In applications involving direct contact with blood further restrictions exist. Materials should not: components of the blood.
There have been many attempts to prepare biocompatible, and specifically blood compatible (i.e, haemocompatible), surfaces, which do not activate the blood coagulation process and do not promote thrombus formation. Examples of such attempts include the preparation of negatively charged surfaces, such as by use of anionic polymers or suitably oriented electret polymers, preparation of surfaces coated with the natural anticoagulant heparin or synthetic heparin analogues, preparation of surfaces with inherently low surface free energy such as by use of silicone rubber, preparation of albumin-coated surfaces, and preparation of surfaces coated with compounds such as some polymethanes which are thought to adsorb albumin preferentially from blood. All of these however have had limitations.
We have now devised new film-forming polymers which can be used to coat surfaces. It has been found that these copolymers may be used to provide stable coatings on a wide variety of surface
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Bowers Roderick W. J.
Jones Stephen A.
Stratford Peter W.
Biocompatibles Limited
Zitomer Fred
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