Polymeric compounds

Details Polymeric compounds Polymeric compounds

1995-07-13

1997-12-16

Lipman, Bernard

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Solid synthetic organic polymer as designated organic active...

424 7811, 424 7812, 424 7816, 424 7835, A61K 31785

Patent

active

056981902

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to polymers containing guanidino groups which are capable of specifically binding to phosphate.
Kidney disorders are extremely common and may, if treatment is inappropriate or delayed, progress through to end stage renal conditions, the patient subsequently requiring dialysis treatment. Kidney dialysis patients suffer from elevated serum levels of phosphate. In addition, patients who possess inefficient kidneys frequently develop "kidney stones" consisting of the two extremely insoluble salts, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate. Both of these anions induce severe toxic effects in such patients. The development of elevated phosphate levels is minimised in these patients by the addition of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide or mixtures of any of these compounds in the diet. However the use of magnesium or calcium hydroxide can lead to acute side effects, hence aluminium hydroxide is the compound which is more commonly used. The presence of aluminium in the patient's intestine reduces the uptake of phosphate from the diet, thus decreasing the concentration of phosphate in the lumen. The result is a concentration gradient of phosphate from a high level in the blood to a low level in the lumen. Phosphate thus moves out of the blood down this concentration gradient and into the lumen. The continued treatment with aluminium hydroxide or related preparations leads to the gradual accumulation of aluminium in body tissues which then has to be removed by the administration of the compound desferrioxamine. Desferrioxamine, an iron-chelator, is known to have side effects, especially in people who are not "iron-overloaded" (for example as a result of blood transfusions). Kidney patients are not iron-overloaded, hence constant use of the compound desferrioxamine to reduce aluminium levels may lead to undesirable side effects.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a more convenient way of reducing the uptake of phosphate from the diet in kidney patients and reducing phosphate levels in the blood of kidney patients.
It has been found that this may be achieved through the incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition or a foodstuff of a polymer comprising a backbone and guanidino groups attached to the said backbone. Phosphate ions are known to bind to guanidino groups. This attraction is very strong, involving two electrostatic bonds and two stereochemically favourable hydrogen bonds. However, the incorporation of guanidino groups into a polymeric structure and the therapeutic application of guanidino groups and polymeric structures containing guanidino groups has not been suggested previously.
Accordingly the present invention provides a physiologically acceptable polymer comprising a backbone to which are directly or indirectly attached guanidino groups, the polymer having a minimum molecular weight of 10,000.
The present invention extends to the use of the polymeric compounds of the invention in therapy, for example in pharmaceutical compositions and foodstuffs as described hereinafter. The invention is of particular interest for the treatment of kidney patients for the control of phosphate uptake from the diet and the removal of excess phosphate from the blood of such individuals.
The polymeric material to which the guanidino groups are attached can essentially be of any polymeric structure, since the nature of the polymeric backbone is not of primary importance in phosphate binding, this effect being due rather to the presence in the polymer of the guanidino groups. However, preferably the polymer is pharmaceutically acceptable and of such appropriate molecular weight as to be not absorbed by patients when taken orally, but to remain in the intestine. The molecular weight of the guanidino group-containing polymer is at least 10,000.
The guanidino group-containing polymers of the invention must be physiologically acceptable. As is known to persons skilled in the art, polymers are large molecules made up of small simple chemical units. In som

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