Compositions – Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
Patent
1992-07-28
1994-02-15
Lieberman, Paul
Compositions
Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
252174, 25217418, 25217423, 25217424, 25217425, 252DIG2, 252DIG14, C11D 322, C11D 337, C11D 1700
Patent
active
052864057
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to aqueous liquid abrasive compositions which include detergent and means for thickening the liquid. Particulate abrasive is suspended in the liquid.
Such compositions currently on the market as household cleaning materials have a liquid phase which includes a combination of detergent and electrolyte chosen so that the detergent is present in lamellar phase and thereby causes thickening of the liquid.
It is commonplace, in very many areas of industry to use thickening agents to impart a certain rheological behaviour to liquid media. By thickening such liquid media, they can be made more suitable for their end-use, or they can be made more suitable as an intermediate medium in which other substances can be included which need to remain stably suspended or dispersed in the media. By varying the levels of thickening agents, the degree of thickening can be controlled.
A vast number of thickening agents is known in the art, and many of them have found practical application. Since frequently, however, the thickening agent does not contribute anything more than a thickening effect, one attempts to use as little as possible of the thickening agent, since these thickening agents may be rather expensive. In addition, frequently such thickening agents may be adversely affected by other substances present in the liquid media, e.g. electrolyte salts, which imposes restrictions on their use for particular purposes.
It is well known in the field of organic, polymeric thickening agents that, in general, the viscosity of a liquid is dependent on the concentration of thickening agent in that liquid. This relationship can be expressed schematically as a sigmoid curve as shown in FIG. 1 which is a plot of log viscosity vs log concentration for the thickening agent in the given liquid. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, we believe that in region A the molecules are essentially independent of one another, the viscosity increase arises from disruption of flow of the continuous phase, and the rate of increase is relatively small. In region B the molecules are sufficiently close together to interact, entangle etc., and the viscosity rises very steeply. In region C the units are close packed and increasingly experience compression so that once again the rate of increase in viscosity is relatively small.
Region A is defined as that portion of the sigmoid curve where the viscosity of the total system corresponds approximately to that of the base system and there is a linear relationship between log viscosity and log concentration.
Region B (lower) is defined as that portion of the sigmoid curve which obeys a power law relationship (the coefficient of which is greater than 1) beneath the point of inflexion.
Region B (upper) is defined as that portion of the sigmoid curve which obeys a power law relationship (the coefficient of which is greater than 1) above the point of inflexion.
Region C is defined as that portion of the sigmoid curve where the viscosity of the total system is greater than that of the base system and there is an essentially linear relationship between log viscosity and log concentration.
The point of inflexion for the sigmoid curve is defined as that point where the first derivative of the curve experiences a turning point.
For a given liquid medium the position of the sigmoid curve on the log viscosity vs log concentration graph will depend on, for example, polymer type or temperature. It is therefore convenient to describe such a system in terms of a single master curve which represents the actual measured parameter plus a shift factor which superposes the measured curve on the reference curve.
Reference sigmoid curves can be constructed according to the method described in R Simha and L Utracki, J Polymer Sci, A-2, 5, 853 (1967), L Utracki and R Simha, J Polymer Sci A, I, 1089 (1963) and R Simha and L Utracki, Rheol. Acta, 12, 455 (1973), for a liquid medium comprising a gum-type polymer. A typical sigmoid curve for the system is shown in FIG. 2 which is a plot of log viscosity vs
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Randle Neil P.
Rennie George K.
Hertzog A.
Koatz Ronald A.
Lever Brothers Company Division of Conopco, Inc.
Lieberman Paul
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