Polymer Solid Electrolyte

Details Polymer Solid Electrolyte Polymer Solid Electrolyte

1999-03-11

2000-12-19

Nuzzolillo, Maria

Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and

Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...

Include electrolyte chemically specified and method

429310, 429311, 429312, 429313, H01M 618

Patent

active

061625639

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a polymer solid electrolyte (solid polyelectrolyte), more particularly to a polymer solid electrolyte which is sensor).


RELATED ART

As an electrolyte constituting an electrochemical device such as battery, capacitor and sensor, those in the form of a solution or a paste have hitherto been used in view of the ionic conductivity. However, the following problems are pointed out. That is, there is a fear of damage of the device arising due to liquid leakage, and subminiaturization and thinning of the device are limited because a separator to be impregnated with an electrolyte liquid is required. To the contrary, a solid electrolyte such as an inorganic crystalline substance, inorganic glass and an organic polymer substance is suggested. The organic polymer substance is generally superior in processability and moldability and the resulting solid electrolyte has good flexibility and bending processability and, furthermore, the design freedom of the device to be applied becomes high and, therefore, the development of the organic polymer substance is expected. However, the organic polymer substance is inferior in ionic conductivity to other materials at present.
For example, a trial of containing a specific alkaline metal salt in a mixture of an epichlorohydrin rubber and a low-molecular weight polyethylene glycol derivative and applying the resultant to a polymer solid electrolyte is suggested in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication No. 235957/1990 filed by the present applicant, but a practically sufficient conductivity value is not still to be obtained.
Furthermore, a polymer solid electrolyte prepared by crosslinking a polymer compound having a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 described in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication Nos. 47833/1991 and 68064/1992 shows a comparatively good ionic conductivity within the practical temperature range, but those having more excellent mechanical characteristics and ionic conductivity are required.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention provides a solid electrolyte which is superior in mechanical properties and ionic conductivity.
The present invention provides a polymer solid electrolyte (solid polyelectrolyte) comprising: molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,000,000 and comprising: by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atom and a tetrahydropyranyl group; and n is a numeral of 1 to 12; by the formula (II): ##STR2## (C) 0 to 15% by mol of a repeating unit derived from a monomer having one epoxy group and at least one reactive functional group; solvent, and a derivative or metal salt of a straight-chain or branched polyalkylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 or a metal salt of the derivative.
The present invention also provides a battery using the above polymer solid electrolyte.
The crosslinked material of the polyether copolymer is used when the dimensional stability at high temperature is required.
When the plasticizer is blended, the crystallization of the polymer is inhibited and the glass transition temperature is lowered and a large amount of an amorphous phase is formed even at low temperature so that the ionic conductivity is improved. It has been found that, when the polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention is used, a high-performance battery having small internal resistance can be obtained. The polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention may be in the gel form. The term "gel" used herein means a polymer swelled with a solvent.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The repeating unit (C) may be derived from a monomer of the formula (III-1) or (III-2): ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a group having a reactive functional group-containing group.
The copolymer used in

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