Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Fugitive dye composition – process or product
Patent
1997-09-30
1999-04-06
Einsmann, Margaret
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Fugitive dye composition, process or product
8405, 8647, 536 20, A61K 713, C09R 6910
Patent
active
058911995
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
This invention relates to polymeric dyes obtained by condensation of cationic biopolymers with dyes, to a process for their production, to formulations containing these dyes for dyeing fibers, to processes for dyeing fibers using the polymeric dyes and to their use for dyeing fibers.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
So-called substantive dyes or oxidation dyes are normally used for coloring keratin fibers, preferably human hair. Oxidation dyes consist of a primary intermediate and a secondary intermediate and are formed on the hair itself under the effect of oxidizing agents or atmospheric oxygen.
However, there is a need on the market for coloring products which enable the color of hair to be rapidly changed, i.e. which can be quickly and completely washed out. The hair normally has to be washed 5 to 6 times to remove known products, something which many consumers find unsatisfactory.
Another disadvantage of known hair coloring or hair tinting formulations is that the products always penetrate into the keratin fibers and, hence, cause damage--albeit normally slight--to the hair structure. Since the formulations do not act selectively on keratin fibers, the treated scalp is generally colored at the same time which consumers also find undesirable.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide new formulations for the temporary coloring of keratin fibers which would not have any of the disadvantages mentioned above.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to polymeric dyes which are obtained by condensation of cationic biopolymers with dyes containing a leaving group. In one particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cationic biopolymers used are chitosans while the dyes are those representatives which possess a halogen function as their leaving group.
It has surprisingly been found that dyes which have a suitable leaving group can readily be added to the nitrogen groups of cationic biopolymers. Whereas the cationic biopolymers themselves are generally colorless, the condensation products can range from yellow to blue in color, depending on the dye used. As solubility tests show, the coloring effect is not attributable to traces of dye dissolved in the polymer, but is a property of the new condensation products. The new polymeric dyes combine the properties of the cationic biopolymers with those of known dyes for coloring hair. This means that the dye does not act directly on the fibers, but instead is absorbed in the form of a uniform film. This affords the advantage of a much more gentle tint which is easy to wash out and does not affect the scalp.
The present invention also relates to a process for the production of polymeric dyes in which cationic biopolymers, preferably chitosans, are condensed with dyes which contain a leaving group, preferably a halogen function.
Among the most well-known and - according to the present invention--the most preferred cationic biopolymers are the chitosans which also belong to the group of hydrocolloids. Chemically, chitosans are partly deacetylated chitins varying in molecular weight which contain the--idealized--monomer unit (I): ##STR1## In contrast to most other hydrocolloids, chitosans are cationic biopolymers under physiological conditions. The positively charged chitosans are capable of interacting with oppositely charged surfaces and, accordingly, are used in cosmetic hair-care and body-care formulations and also as thickeners in amphoteric/cationic surfactant mixtures. Overviews of this subject have been published, for example, by B. Gesslein et al. in HAPPI 27, 57 (1990), by O. Skaugrud in Drug Cosm. Ind. 148, 24 (1991) and by E. Onsoyen et al. in Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse 117, 633 (1991). Chitosans are produced from chitin, preferably the shell remains of crustaceans which are available in large quantities as inexpensive raw materials. The chitin is normally first deproteinized by addition of bases, demineralized by addition of mineral acids
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Kahre Joerg
Rose David
Wachter Rolf
Einsmann Margaret
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (KGaA)
J. Murphy Glenn E.
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Szoke Ernest G.
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