Polycarbon sulphide polymers

Details Polycarbon sulphide polymers Polycarbon sulphide polymers

1985-07-10

1988-04-19

Henderson, Christopher

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...

525354, 5253264, 525367, 528381, 528389, C08F 844, C08F 826, C08F 834

Patent

active

047390182

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to new polycarbon sulphide derivatives, to the preparation thereof and to the application thereof, particularly in electrochemistry.
There has already been described in the review "Carbon", Vol. 19 page 175 et seq (1981), superficial complexes of carbon and sulphur which provide the possibility of establishing carbon-sulphur bonds at the surface of the carbon, thus forming superficial carbon-sulphur complexes.
However, given the high temperatures involved in their preparation, of the order of 500.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., the carbon chains are branched, which reduces the number of sites available to be. In this connection, examination of these compounds confirms that their sulphur content is a maximum of 40%, which is considerably less than the theoretical value, thus involving reduction in the capacity of these compounds per unit mass. Also, the high temperature involved lead to excessive energy consumption.
Moreover, these materials include a significant proportion of thiolactones, the electrochemical reduction of which is difficult to reverse and this limits the performance of generators (cells) having electrodes made from these materials, such as those of the type Li--(CS.sub.y).sub.n.
Study of the sulphuration of carbon chains by the present inventors has led to the conclusion that it is possible to fix sulphur at temperatures substantially less than those used hitherto and to develop a family of polycarbon sulphide compounds having a new structure.
It is an object of the invention to provide sulphuretted derivatives which are obtained in linear form and not in the form of superficial derivatives (complexes).
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for obtaining these derivatives, which is capable of being worked industrially by reason of its moderate cost and the ease of putting it into effect, at lower temperatures than in the processes used hitherto.
It is a further object of the invention to provide electrochemical applications for these derivatives and in particular, their use for making electrodes, especially for primary or secondary electrochemical generators (cells).
The derivatives provided by the invention are characterised in that they are polycarbon sulphides comprising units of the formula element such as Ag, Zn, Cu, Co or the like; structure and has a value from 0 to m/valency of the metal (these values being inclusive);
Examination of the above derivatives shows that when subjected to IR analysis, they have an absorption peak at about 1630 cm.sup.-1, which corresponds to the characteristic value for conjugated systems.
This observation leads us to suggest a conjugated structure of the type: ##STR1##
When x is other than 0, the compounds of the invention have the element R inserted in the above structure, which thus plays the role of a receptor structure.
The preferred values of x are greater than 0.5 and vary up to the stoichiometric value for the product.
Advantageously, this insertion is reversable and the elements R which are inserted can be released without altering substantially the structure of the polymer chain.
In a preferred family of compounds according to the invention, the inserted elements are alkali metals, Li and Na being preferred because of their capacity to diffuse rapidly in the solid phase and because of their low equivalent mass.
In another preferred family, R represents a transition metal such as Ag, Cu, Zn, Co and the like. Advantageously, these elements may be in effect retained in the carbon-sulphur host structure of the compounds of the invention and this allows one to effect, for example, the recovery of transition metals from dilute solutions, in particular industrial effluents.
The invention also embraces polycarbon sulphides which do not have inserted elements and which thus constitute, according to one very important aspect of the invention, starting materials for the insertion of various elements.
According to a modification of the invention, the polycarbon sulphides also contain polyacetylene units and are thus i

REFERENCES:
patent: 3686141 (1972-08-01), Bracke
patent: 3717619 (1973-02-01), Hartzler
patent: 4188469 (1980-02-01), Fang

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