Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Analyzer – structured indicator – or manipulative laboratory... – Means for analyzing gas sample
Reexamination Certificate
1999-10-01
2002-12-03
Sergent, Rabon (Department: 1711)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Analyzer, structured indicator, or manipulative laboratory...
Means for analyzing gas sample
C008S495000, C008S115600, C008S115560, C008S115640, C422S092000, C422S094000, C422S086000, C422S088000, C422S168000, C427S385500, C427S389900, C427S393400, C428S096000, C428S375000, C428S378000, C428S395000, C428S477400, C428S476300, C524S157000, C524S158000, C524S171000, C524S510000, C524S512000, C524S593000, C524S594000, C524S595000, C524S596000, C252S008620
Reexamination Certificate
active
06488893
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
i) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a fibrous polyamide substrate having durable resistance to staining by acid colorants and to a method of rendering a fibrous polyamide substrate durably resistant to staining by acid colorants.
ii) Description of Prior Art
Fibrous polyamide substrates, such as nylon carpeting are susceptible to staining by both naturally occurring and commercial acid colorants found in many common foods and beverages. The demand for reduced staining from such acid colorants has by and large been met by treatment with compositions comprising sulfonated naphthol or sulfonated phenolformaldehyde condensation products as disclosed for example in the following patents:
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,501,591, 4,592,940, and 4,680,212, all of Blyth and Ucci; U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,099, Creshler, Malone and Zinnato; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,885, Herlant and Al; or by treatment with compositions comprising sulfonated novolak resins together with polymethacrylic acid as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,373 Olson, Chang and Muggli.
The use of polymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid of low weight average molecular weight and low number average molecular weight is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,123 Chang, Olson and Muggli.
The initial stain resistance properties imparted to polyamide substrates, such as carpeting, that have been treated using the above mentioned compositions degenerates, significantly with each wet cleaning the substrate receives. Improved stain resistance after wet cleaning can be achieved by increasing the amount of the sulfonated hydroxy aromatic formaldehyde condensation products, in the stain resist product or by increasing the amount of stain-resist product initially applied to the substrate, however, this generally leads to discoloration caused by yellowing of the substrate initially and further discoloration upon exposure to light and/or oxides of nitrogen.
Stain resist products currently available in the market place are generally based on dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone and phenol sulfonic acid condensed with aldehyde in acid or alkaline media; or dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone and naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with aldehyde in acid or alkaline media.
It is generally known that increasing the ratio of dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone to the phenol sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonic acid increases the stain resistance properties of the resin but causes a higher degree of yellowing or discoloration initially and further discoloration upon exposure to light and/or oxides of nitrogen.
It is also evident that when the ratio of phenol sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonic acid to dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone increases the result is lower stain-resist properties and less discoloration.
The addition of acrylic polymers and/or copolymers to the previously mentioned condensation products (novolak resin) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,473 (Olson, Chang and Muggli) allows the use of a novolak resin in small quantities and larger quantities of the acrylic resin. With this combination of novolak resin and acrylic resin, major improvement in the light fastness or less discoloration is achieved due to the dramatically reduced amount of novolak resin in the product, which is adjusted to obtain a desired low level of discoloration while maintaining an acceptable level of durability to wash. The high level of initial stain resistance is supplied primarily by the acrylic polymer and/or copolymer and after wet cleaning stain resistance is supposedly maintained by the novolak resin, the acrylic polymer or copolymer having largely been removed during the wet cleaning process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide fibrous polyamide substrates having durable resistance to staining by acid colorants.
It is further object of this invention to provide a method of rendering a fibrous polyamide substrate durably resistant to staining by acid colorants.
It is a particular object of this invention to provide such a substrate or method in which a treating solution is employed which contains a combination of a bleached, sulfonated naphthalene, aldehyde condensate, and semi soluble or insoluble acrylic resins of high weight average and high number average molecular weight, to produce high stain resistance and durability to wet cleaning process and also to provide an optimum light fastness and minimum discoloration of the polyamide substrate due to nitrogen oxides or light.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a fibrous polyamide substrate having resistance to staining by acid colorants, comprising: a fibrous polyamide substrate having applied thereof: a) a semi-soluble methacrylic acid polymer, and b) a bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided an aqueous formulation for providing resistance to staining by acid colorants in fibrous amide substrates comprising in an aqueous vehicle, a combination of: a) semi-soluble methacrylic acid polymer, and b) a bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene.
In accordance with still another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of imparting stain resistance to acid colorants, to a fibrous polyamide substrate comprising: contacting said fibrous polyamide substrate with: a) a semi-soluble methacrylic acid polymer, and b) a bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene, in an aqueous vehicle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, it has been found that completely soluble acrylic and methacrylic homopolymers and copolymers do not have durability to wet cleaning, so that their stain resist effect diminishes with wet cleaning; whereas completely insoluble acrylic resins have very little stain resist effect on polyamide fibers.
The present invention employs one or more lower solubility acrylic resins, which resins are resistant to wet cleaning processes thereby providing durable stain resistance, together with a bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene. This combination also provides initial stain resistance, prior to wet cleaning of the polyamide fibers as well as a soil release effect, and provides a substantial improvement in the light fastness.
In addition to the semi-soluble methacrylic acid polymer and the bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene, there is preferably employed a semi-soluble or insoluble ethylmethacrylate polymer.
Suitably the semi-soluble or insoluble ethyl methacrylate polymer is a homopolymer of ethylmethacrylate or a copolymer of ethylmethacrylate and at least one comonomer, for example, ethylacrylate, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid, butylmethacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate or 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate.
The ethyl methylacrylate polymer suitably has a high weight average molecular weight of at least 100,000, typically 100,000 to 500,000, and preferably 100,000 to 250,000, and a high number average molecular weight of at least 25,000 to 100,000, preferably 30,000 to 70,000, more preferably 35,000 to 60,000.
The semi-soluble methacrylic acid polymer, is suitably a homopolymer of methacrylic acid or a copolymer of methacrylic acid and at least one comonomer, for example, ethylacrylate 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methylmethacrylate, butyl methacrylate or isobutyl methacrylate.
The methacrylic acid polymer suitably has a high weight average molecular weight of at least 100,000, typically 100,000 to 500,000, and preferably 150,000 to 250,000 preferably over 200,000; and a high number average molecular weight of at least 50,000, typically 50,000, to 100,000, and preferably 50,000 to 80,000, and more preferably 60,000 to 75,000.
The resin combination of the invention may optionally include a partially sulfonated resol resin.
The ethyl methacrylate polymer and the methacrylic acid polymer together with the bleached, aldehyde condensate of a sulfonated naphthalene and the optional partially sulfonated resol resin, prefer
Elgarhy Karim
Elgarhy Yassin M.
(Ogilvy Renault)
Sergent Rabon
Trichromatic Carpet Inc.
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