Compositions – Dust suppressants for bulk materials – or processes of...
Patent
1995-03-20
1996-05-28
Acquah, Samuel A.
Compositions
Dust suppressants for bulk materials, or processes of...
528361, 528392, 5253288, 5253289, 525398, 524745, 524878, 252 32, 252 325, 25217423, C11D 337
Patent
active
055208347
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP 93/02613 filed Sep. 25, 1993.
The present invention relates to soluble polyacetals which contain acetaldehyde acetal units and which are obtainable by cationically initiated polyaddition of alcohols and divinyl ethers, to a process for preparing said acetals, and to the use of the acetals in detergents and cleaners and as dispersants for finely divided minerals.
Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), 293-297 discloses the preparation of polyacetals by acid-catalyzed addition of polyols to divinyl ethers. For instance, polyaddition of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol to butanediol divinyl ether under the catalytic effect of p-toluenesulfonic acid produces a polyacetal having a molecular weight of 200,000.
The reaction of diethylene glycol divinyl ether, bisphenol A and 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane in a molar ratio of 6:3:2 in the presence of trichloroacetic acid as catalyst produces crosslinked polyacetals. The polyacetals are used in medicine for the controlled release of active compounds.
FR-A-2 336 936 likewise discloses the preparation of crosslinked insoluble polyacetals. The crosslinked polyacetals are obtained by reaction of cyclic divinyl ethers with glycerol.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel soluble substances based on polyols and divinyl ethers and a process for preparing the novel substances. It is a further object to describe detergent and cleaner additives which reduce the viscosity of nonionic surfactants.
We have found that these objects are achieved according to the invention by soluble polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units, obtainable by cationically initiated polyaddition of
(a) compounds containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups,
(b) divinyl ethers containing terminal vinyl ether groups, or mixtures of such divinyl ethers and monovinyl ethers, and
(c) dihydroxy compounds and/or monohydroxy compounds, the sum of the hydroxyl groups of the compounds (a) and (c) relative to the sum of the vinyl ether groups of compounds (b) being from 0.1 to 10.
The invention further provides a process for preparing water-soluble polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units, which comprises reacting
(a) compounds containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups,
(b) divinyl ethers containing terminal vinyl ether groups, or mixtures of such divinyl ethers and monovinyl ethers,
(c) dihydroxy compounds and/or monohydroxy compounds and from -20.degree. to 250.degree. C. in such ratios that the sum of the hydroxyl groups of the compounds (a) and (c) relative to the sum of the vinyl ether groups of compounds (b) being from 0.1 to 10. The soluble polyacetals are used as admixture in phosphate-reduced and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners and also as dispersant for finely divided minerals.
The reaction of the components (a) and (b) can be made to proceed without crosslinking--even in the absence of dihydroxy compounds and/or monohydroxy compounds--by ensuring that the ratio of the hydroxyl groups to vinyl ether groups in the compounds (a) and (b) is greater than unity. The crosslinking of the resulting polyacetals can also be effectively prevented by using compounds of group (c) in the polyaddition. These compounds are used in the polyaddition in such amounts that water-soluble polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units are formed.
Suitable compounds of group (a), polyhydroxy compounds which contain at least 3 OH groups in the molecule, include for example glycerol, oligoglycerols having from 2 to 10 glycerol units, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohols having molecular weights up to 100,000, polyallyl alcohols having molecular weights (number average) up to 100,000, polyhydroxymethylenes obtainable by polymerization of vinylidene carbonate, monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, fructose, levoglucosan, disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, leucrose, isomaltose, isomaltulose, oligo- and polysaccharides such as degraded starch, starch, inulin, fructopolysaccharides, maltodextrins, pen
REFERENCES:
patent: 4713441 (1987-12-01), Heller et al.
Baur Richard
Diessel Paul
Hartmann Heinrich
Jaeger Hans-Ulrich
Kroner Matthias
Acquah Samuel A.
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
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