Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Plant cell or cell line – per se ; composition thereof;... – Plant cell or cell line – per se – contains exogenous or...
Patent
1996-07-12
1999-06-08
Stucker, Jeffrey
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Plant cell or cell line, per se ; composition thereof;...
Plant cell or cell line, per se, contains exogenous or...
435468, 800278, 800286, 800298, 530370, 536 245, A01H 400, C07H 2100, C12N 514, C07K 14415
Patent
active
059104449
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to transgenic organisms having various properties which are obtained by substantially inhibiting the expression of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (hereinafter referred to as "SAHH") genes with recombinant DNA techniques, as well as methods for creating such organisms.
BACKGROUND ART
The improvement of plants (introduction of desirable characters thereto) has been greatly dependent on classic breeding methods of crossing with wild species or mutants. Most of the varieties for use in the culture of ornamental plants and vegetables have been created through such efforts made by breeders. However, breeding often does not progress at all since a gene source does not exist. In addition, because breeding generally requires a long period of time even if a gene source exits, the improving of plants with genetic engineering techniques has been positively tried recently. For example, the creating a variety having resistance against viral diseases by conventional breeding methods is accompanied with many difficulties, e.g., an appropriate gene source cannot be found, or crossing with a wild species is difficult. In addition, with conventional breeding methods it is almost impossible to achieve drastic improvements, such as the creation of a dwarf plant or a dramatic increase in the number of flowers, and the like by regulating the subtle balance of plant hormones Recently, recombinant DNA techniques and plant tissue cultivation techniques have advanced and it has become possible to create virus-resistant plants and dwarf plants using such techniques. Major strategies so far tried are as described below.
1) Introduction of a Viral Coat Protein Gene
In 1986, Powel Abel et al. (Science 232, 738) created a plant into which the coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) had been introduced, and this plant was demonstrated to be TMV-resistant. Since then, a number of similar reports have been made throughout the world with various combinations of plants and viruses. However, a transgenic plant obtained by this method exhibits resistance against only one virus whose coat protein gene has been introduced (or extremely allied species thereof). In addition, the degree of resistance is greatly influenced by the inoculation concentration.
2) Use of a Satellite RNA
In some viruses, there is a low molecular weight RNA called satellite RNA. Satellite RNA depends on the parent virus for its replication and, in many cases, inhibits the growth of the parent virus to thereby remarkably reduce the symptoms induced by the virus.
By utilizing this property, it is possible to create a virus-resistant plant. To date, plants resistant to cucumber mosaic virus (Harrisson et al, Nature 328, 799) and tobacco ringspot virus (Gerlach et al., Nature 328, 802) have been created by introducing the cDNA of a satellite RNA into plants. In China, a plant integrating the cDNA of the cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA has already been subjected to a field test to put it for practical use (Saito et al, Theor. Appl. Genet. 83, 679). However, this method is applicable to only those viruses having a satellite RNA.
3) Use of an Antisense RNA
A total or a partial cDNA of a virus is integrated into a plant so that it is transcribed and expressed in the antisense direction. When this plant is infected with the target virus, it is thought that the antisense RNA transcribed and the nucleic acid of the virus form a complex (a double-stranded RNA) to thereby inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins. As a result, the growth of the virus is inhibited. However, viral RNA is abudantly present in cells and has a complicated higher structure. Thus, the formation of such a complex is not considered easy and the effect of this method is not as great as expected (Cuozzo et al., Bio/Technology 6, 549). Even if resistance to viruses has been achieved, such resistance is expected only against the virus from which the cDNA was derived (or extremely allied species thereof), as observed in the method using a
REFERENCES:
patent: 5107065 (1992-04-01), Shewmaker et al.
Liu et al, Antiviral Research, vol. 19, pp. 247-265 (1992).
Coulter-Karis et al, Ann. Hum. Genet., vol. 53, pp. 169-175 (1989).
Abel et al, Science, vol. 232, pp. 738-743 (May 9, 1986).
Harrison et al, Nature, vol. 328, pp. 799-801 (Aug. 27, 1987).
Gerlach et al, Nature, vol. 328, pp. 802-805 (Aug. 27, 1987).
Saito et al, Theor Appl Genet, vol. 83, pp. 679-683 (1992).
Cuozzo et al, Bio/Technology, vol. 6, pp. 549-557 (May 1988).
Golemboski et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 87, pp. 6311-6315 (Aug. 1990).
Carr et al, Virology, vol. 199, pp. 439-447 (1994).
Zaitlin et al, Virology, vol. 201, pp. 200-205 (1994).
Schmulling et al, The EMBO Journal, vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 2621-2629 (1988).
Estruch et al, The EMBO Journal, vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 2889-2895 (1991).
Mitsui et al, Plant Cell Physiol., vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 1089-1096 (1993).
Masuta et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 92, pp. 6117-6121 (Jun. 1995).
Report and Recommendations of the Panel to Assess the NIH Investment in Research on Gene Therapy, Dec. 7, 1995.
Gewirtz et al. PNAS USA, vol. 93, Apr. 1996, p. 3161-3163.
Fazio et al. Antiviral Research, vol. 13, 1990, p. 219-226.
Kuwata Shigeru
Masuta Chikara
Tanaka Hideo
Uehara Kyoko
Bui Phuong T.
Japan Tobacco Inc.
Stucker Jeffrey
LandOfFree
Plants in which the expression of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrola does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Plants in which the expression of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrola, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Plants in which the expression of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrola will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1683085