Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Forms or conditioning
Patent
1979-11-28
1984-03-13
Hollrah, Glennon H.
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Forms or conditioning
71 86, 71 88, 71 89, 71 90, 71 92, 71 94, 71 95, 71 96, 71 98, 71105, 71113, 71120, 71121, 424216, 424225, 424273B, 424274, 424300, 424316, A01N 4348, A01N 4340, A01N 3302
Patent
active
044365470
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to agricultural chemicals, which term is used herein to mean fungicides, herebicides, insecticides, nematocides and plant-growth regulators, and to methods of using them and compositions containing them.
The present invention is concerned with altering the performance of such chemicals. The conventional approach to this involves altering the chemical structure to a greater or lesser degree without altering the class or basic chemical type to which the compound belongs, and/or altering the physico-chemical properties of a formulation containing the chemical, e.g. by the addition of chemicals to facilitate coating of the target organism with the agricultural chemical or to improve the adhesion and rainfastness of the agricultural chemical. The literature (including patents) is full of examples of how the conventional approach may be carried out. In particular, it is known that addition of wetting agents can enhance the effect of many agricultural chemicals.
The invention is based on the discovery that the efficiency of agricultural chemicals can be markedly improved and that such chemicals can in some cases be used in new and different ways by modifying the organism to which the agricultural chemical is applied, such modification being effected by means of a second chemical herein called an additive. The additive acts in either or both of the following ways, viz., it modifies the way in which the organism takes up and/or moves or internally distributes the chemical, and/or it modifies the metabolism of the organism without affecting take-up or distribution of the chemical, thereby achieving the desired action or improvement in action of the agricultural chemical.
The invention provides an agricultural formulation comprising an agricultural chemical as hereinbefore defined together with an additive as hereinafter defined. Such formulations may be in concentrate form, needing addition of, for example, water to make them ready for use. The invention also provides a method of applying an agricultural chemical to a target organism, in which an additive as hereinafter defined is also applied either simultaneously with the agricultural chemical or not more than 15 days (preferably 10 days) before or after. When the application is simultaneous, the agricultural chemical and additive may be supplied in a single formulation or may be mixed in situ in a spray or other chemical-applying apparatus.
The additives used in the formulations and methods of the present invention are defined as belonging to one of the following classes (a) to (h), although two or more such additives in the same or different classes may be used, as may two or more agricultural chemicals:
(a) a carbohydrate source, (e.g. glucose, hydrolysed starch, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribulose, xylulose and arabinose and their esters and glycosides and metabolic equivalents of carbohydrates), which will normally be applied at 10 to 10,000 g/ha (grams per hectare), to function as phosphate (ATP) production, and reduced nicotamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and
(b) an organic acid, particularly one of the Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and their metabolic precursors, (including citric, succinic, malic, pyruvic, acetic and fumaric acids), which will normally be applied at similar rates to and used for similar functions as the carbohydrate source;
(c) a vitamin or coenzyme, e.g. thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pryidoxal, nicotinamide, folic acid, or a precursor thereof including nicotinic acid, which will normally be applied at 0.01 to 500 g/ha to stimulate metabolic processes dependent on enzymatic action;
(d) a purine or pyrimidine nucleoside, nucleotide or a metabolic precursor thereof, e.g. adenine, adenosine, thymine, thymidine, cytosine, guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uracil, uridine or inosine, which will normally be applied at 1 to 500 g/ha to act as structural precursors for nucleic acid synthesis;
(e) a fatty acid of a type found in natural saturated and unsaturated fa
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Lee et al., (Lee), Chemical Abstracts, 88208p, "Effect of Chemical Spray on Growth and Yield of Wheat," vol. 79, 1973, p. 95.
Suslavicius, Chemical Abstracts, 27040t, "Effect of Some Vitamins and Succini Acid on the Yield of Winter Cereals and Their Quality," vol. 82, 1975, p. 157.
Hollrah Glennon H.
Staart Enterprises Ltd.
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