Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Reexamination Certificate
1990-05-02
2001-03-20
Benzion, Gary (Department: 1638)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
C800S288000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06204373
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
The invention relates to plant promoters. Promoters are critical elements for constructing novel genetic constructs, such as chimeric genes, for introduction of useful traits into plants. A critical element for construction of an effective chimeric gene is an appropriate promoter element capable of directing transcription of a protein coding sequence at an appropriate level in target tissues. Constructs containing useful chimeric genes include those capable of conferring useful traits such as insect tolerance (D. A. Fischhoff et al.,
Biotechnology
5:807 (1987)), tolerance to viral infection (P. Powell-Abel et al.,
Science
232:738 (1986)), and tolerance to herbicides.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that promoters used in attempts to obtain high-level constitutive expression of chimeric genes in plants include the promoter of the 35S gene of cauliflower mosaic virus (35S) and the mannopine synthase promoter from
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(MAS). Both of these promoters have been used to engineer expression of glyphosate tolerance (D. M. Shah et al.,
Science
233;478 (1986) and L. Comai et al.,
Nature
317:741 (1985)) and insect tolerance (D. A. Fischhoff et al.,
Bio/Technology
5:807 (1987) and M. Vaeck et al.,
Nature
238:33 (1987)). The promoters previously used, however, have not been successful in expressing in essentially all organs of a plant.
Promoter sequences able to direct chimeric gene expression in specific tissues have been described by Benfey and Chua,
Science
244:174 (1989), by Verma and Goldberg, Eds.,
Temporal and Spatial Regulations of Plant Genes
(Springer-Verlag, New York (1988) and by Goldberg,
Science
240:1460 (1988). Other examples include the work on insect tolerance, described above, in which only toxicity of the leaves and fruits was demonstrated. Expression in specific tissues is not useful for applications requiring expression in virtually all organs of a plant.
A specific example of an application in which expression in all organs of a plant would be preferred is the engineering of insect tolerance utilizing the insect control protein of
Bacillus thuringiensis
(D. A. Fischhoff et al., (1987). In cases where insects feed on all parts of the plant, a chimeric gene which is expressed in all organs would be most effective in protecting the plant from damage. A second example is that of herbicide tolerance.
The promoters of this invention direct efficient expression of contiguous structural genes in transgenic plants and plant cells and also provide efficient expression in essentially all plant organs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides plant cyclophilin promoters that direct efficient expression of contiguous structural coding sequences in essentially all plant cells and plant organs of transgenic plants. In addition, chimeric genes containing the plant cyclophilin promoters of the invention and vectors comprising the plant cyclophilin promoters and chimeric genes of the invention are taught herein.
REFERENCES:
patent: 0193259 (1986-09-01), None
patent: 0242991 (1987-10-01), None
patent: 0242062 (1987-10-01), None
Bird et al. (Bird), “The Tomato Polygalacturonase Gene and Ripening-Specific Expression in Transgenic Plants,”Plant Molecular Biology, vol. 11, pp. 651-662 (1988).*
Reech et al. Cell vol. 50 pp. 667, (1987.*
Fishboff et al. (1987) Biotechnology vol. 5 pp. 807-813.*
Koletsky et al. (1986). The Journal of Immuniology vol. 137—p. 1054-1059 #3.*
Hoandler et al. (1987) The Embo Journal. vol. 6#4 pp. 947-950.*
Boswell et al. (1988) In. Computerized Molecular Biology Sources & Methods for Sequence Analysis. Edelto Arthur M. Lesk. pp. 170-171. Oxford University Press.
Budelier Kim Anne
Gasser Charles Scott
Gunning Dorian A.
Benzion Gary
Howrey Simon Arnold & White , LLP
Lavin Lawrence M.
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