Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1995-09-22
1998-08-11
Robinson, Douglas W.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
4351723, 435243, 4352523, 4353201, 435419, 536 241, 800250, C07H 2104, C12N 100, C12N 121, C12N 514, C12N 1582
Patent
active
057929327
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a novel plant promoter and to the microorganisms and plant cells containing a unit for the expression of a protein of interest comprising said promoter. The promoter according to the invention is a strong constitutive promoter enabling said protein to be expressed in microorganisms and plant cells irrespective of the stage of development of the plant.
Furthermore, the promoter according to the invention has a particular application in the field of the protection of plants by genetic engineering and especially that of the defense of plants in stress conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The applications of plant transformation have increased over recent years. Numerous genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic (animal or vegetable) origin, coding especially for proteins which confer a novel agronomic property when expressed, have been isolated and then transferred to plants.
In a very large number of cases, the genes which have been introduced into plants by genetic engineering are chimeric, associating regulatory elements of different origins. Thus, very often, the gene coding for a protein of interest is placed under the control of a strong constitutive promoter enabling said protein to be expressed in the whole plant (or the major part thereof) throughout its life, irrespective of the stage of development. The promoter of the 35S transcript of the cauliflower mosaic virus (35S CaMV), which is the most widely used in constructions of chimeric genes, corresponds to this description.
Now, for a number of applications, it is not necessary for the gene coding for the protein of interest, supporting the agronomic property, to have a continuous expression or an expression distributed throughout the whole plant. In certain cases, such characteristics can even reduce or annul the beneficial effects of the transferred gene. In fact, the continuous expression of a protein at a high level can divert part of the metabolism towards this expression and ultimately cause a loss of yield.
Very soon, the search for et more specific gene expression was undertaken; it led for example to the isolation of tissue- or organ-specific promoters.
It can be of interest to induce the expression of a given gene only in a precise situation or, preferably, to ensure a base expression level throughout the life of a plant while at the same time allowing the superexpression of the gene in a given situation.
Several inducible promoters have already been described, some of which respond both to infection by pathogenic microorganisms and to chemical compounds or plant hormones, such as ethylene (Roby et al., 1990, Plant Cell, 2, 999) or auxin.
A plant promoter isolated from tobacco has been described by Takahashi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1990, 87, 8013-8016.
In another publication, these authors state that this promoter reacts specifically only to auxins and not to other hormones or to stress (Takahashi et al., The Plant Journal, 1991, 1(3), 327-332).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a promoter which is expressed at a sustained level in the different organs and tissues of a plant, and especially the roots and meristem of a plant, and which is very strongly inducible in stress situations such as, in particular, after a heat shock, a wound, a hormone shock, a biotic or abiotic elicitor or a bacterial, fungal or viral infection.
The invention further relates to the microorganisms (bacteria) and plant cells which have integrated a unit for the expression of a protein of interest, said unit comprising the promoter according to the invention.
It further relates to the plants or parts of plants and the seeds which comprise the plant cells of the invention.
Finally, it further relates to the use of one of the above plants or parts of plants for selecting molecules with plant protection activity which are capable of inducing natural defense reactions in plants against the aggressions of phytopathogenic or phytophagic organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects and nematodes). ID NO
REFERENCES:
Bodwell, et al. in Computational Molecular Biology (Lesk. ed.) Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988, pp. 170-171.
Marco Yves
Roby Dominique
Schneider Michel
Toppan Alain
Nelson Amy J.
Robinson Douglas W.
Rustica Prograin Genetique
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