Liquid purification or separation – With heater or heat exchanger – With treating fluid addition
Patent
1987-12-23
1988-11-22
Sever, Frank
Liquid purification or separation
With heater or heat exchanger
With treating fluid addition
62540, 62545, 210179, 210181, 210185, 210187, B01D 904
Patent
active
047864079
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to treatment of sediment formed in purification of natural and waste waters and more particularly, to a plant for treatment of sediment of natural and waste waters.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Known in the prior art is a freezing-and-thawing plant (the USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 704643 Class C 02 C 3/00, published 1979) comprising a crystallizer in the form of a horizontal cylinder provided with a sediment removal unit having a knife, and a melter which comprises a thawing tank with an agitator and a condensing heat exchanger in the capacity of a water heater.
The known plant is insufficiently reliable in operation due to the employment of gland seals on the cylinder shaft, nonuniform distribution of refrigerant over the internal surface of the cylinder, incomplete settling of the solids contained in the sediment due to turbulization of water by the agitator.
Another prior art plant for treating the sediment of natural and waste waters (the USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 582211, Class C 02 3/00, published 1977) comprises a crystallizer, a melter arranged right under said crystallizer, a condensing heat exchanger, a compression refrigerating unit communicating with the crystallizer and, via the condensing heat exchanger, with the melter which latter is in communication with the sediment dehydration apparatus. The crystallizer incorporates an evaporator comprising two coaxially-arranged vertical cylinders interconnected at the ends by a base and a cover. The crystallizer comprises a unit for application of sediment to the vertical walls of the evaporator cylinders, said walls functioning as heat-exchanging surfaces. The sediment application unit is provided with chambers which have sealing elements. The unit also contains a sediment removal unit provided with one cutting tool in the form of a knife or a cutter. The sediment application and removal units are secured on the drive shaft and rotate on a planetary principle relative to the heat-exchanging surfaces of the evaporator cylinders. The crystallizer evaporator incorporates a refrigerant feed unit and a refrigerant discharge unit. The sediment freezes on the heat-exchanging surfaces due to boiling of refrigerant between the cylinders. The melter of the plant comprises a vessel with a conical bottom, said vessel having a cylindrical partition inside whose external surface carries a tubular condensing heat exchanger.
The known plant is little reliable in operation through the following reasons. Owing to its thicotropic properties, the sediment contained in the chamber of the sediment application unit partly restores its structure which was disturbed in the course of transportation. The structure-restoring process in the sediment goes on nonuniformly which results in formation of flakes of variable viscosity and size. Therefore, the heat-exchanging surface becomes coated with an irregular layer of frozen sediment which causes nonuniform contact of chamber sealing elements and leakage of sediment from said chambers. If the sediment application unit stops for some reason, the chambers freeze to the heat-exchanging surfaces of the evaporator cylinders. The knife or cutter is installed at a certain distance from the heat-exchanging surfaces so that part of the frozen sediment fails to be cut off. This results in the increased local thermal resistance, incomplete freezing of the next sediment layer and nonuniform contact of the chambers of the sediment application unit with the heat-exchanging surfaces.
Improvement of the water-yielding properties of sediment is achieved only under preset thermal conditions in the course of freezing. The process of heat exchange is influenced by thermal hydrodynamic parameters which latter depend on the total heat-transfer coefficient, the coefficient of convective heat transfer from the refrigerant and refrigerant, and by the temperature of sediment and refrigerant. Deviation of these parameters from optimum values impairs the reliability of operation of the entire plant.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3880756 (1975-04-01), Raineri
patent: 4018682 (1977-04-01), Boyer
patent: 4124405 (1978-11-01), Quienot
patent: 4229295 (1980-10-01), Krofchak
patent: 4448689 (1984-05-01), von Nordenskjoid
patent: 4505728 (1985-03-01), Cheng et al.
"Basic Processes and Apparatus of Chemical Technology", by N. I. Gelperin, Khimia Publishers, Moscow, 1981, p. 331, FIG. VII-9.
"Stepless V-belt and Friction Drives (Variable Speed Drives)", by B. A. Pronin et al., Machinostroyeniye Publishers, 1980, Moscow, pp. 19 and 20, FIG. 3(a-b).
"Fundamentals of Liquid Spraying Techniques", by D. G. Pazhi et al, Khimia Publishers, Moscow, 1984, p. 72, FIG. 4.1(b).
"Manufacture and Employment of Ice", by V. A. Bobkov, Food Industry Publishers, Moscow, 1977, p. 156, FIG. 80, para. 2.
Didenko Vladimir F.
Dovzhko Fedor E.
Fedorov Anatoly I.
Fomin Nikolai V.
Kravtsov Gennady I.
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