Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Plural – diverse separating operations – Gaseous suspension – sifting – and stratifying
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-22
2002-11-26
Nguyen, Tuan N. (Department: 3653)
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Plural, diverse separating operations
Gaseous suspension, sifting, and stratifying
C209S044300, C209S476000, C209S682000, C110S229000, C110S233000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06484882
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a plant for the processing of residue from a thermal waste disposal plant. The residue has a combustible carbon-containing constituent and a non-combustible constituent, and the plant has a first device for the substantial separation of the combustible constituent from the non-combustible constituent.
For ecological and economic reasons, in thermal waste disposal plants, particularly in pyrolysis plants, the residue occurring during thermal treatment is sorted and, if possible, reused. The aim, in this case, is to separate the residue into the carbon-containing combustible constituent and into the non-combustible constituent.
Published, European Patent Application EP 0 302 310 A and the company publication “Die Schwel-Brenn-Anlage, eine Verfahrensbeschreibung” [“The Low-Temperature Carbonization Incineration Plant, A Process Description”], published by Siemens AG, Berlin and Munich, 1996, disclose, as a pyrolysis plant, a so-called low-temperature carbonization incineration plant, in which essentially a two-stage method is carried out. In the first stage, the waste delivered is introduced into a low-temperature carbonization drum (pyrolysis reactor) and is carbonized at low temperature (pyrolyzed). During pyrolysis, low-temperature carbonization gas and pyrolysis residue are obtained in the low-temperature carbonization drum. The low-temperature carbonization gas is burnt, together with combustible fragments of the pyrolysis residue, in a high-temperature combustion chamber at temperatures of approximately 1200° C. The exhaust gases occurring at the same time are subsequently purified.
The pyrolysis residue also has, in addition to the combustible fragments, a large proportion of non-combustible fragments. The non-combustible constituents are composed essentially of an inert fraction, which contains glass, stone, and ceramic fragments, and of a metal fraction. The latter can be divided into a non-ferrous fraction and a ferrous fraction. The non-combustible constituents are sorted out as residues and supplied for re-utilization. For ecological reasons, which are also reflected in statutory regulations, the proportion of carbon in the non-combustible constituents should be as low as possible.
Published, European Patent Application EP 0 144 535 A2 discloses a method for the thermal treatment of waste with re-utilization of the residue obtained, in which, in a first screening, a coarse fraction is separated from the pyrolysis residue and the remaining smaller fraction is subjected to a second screening. The two fractions obtained during the second screening are each subjected to air separation, in order to separate a low-carbon heavy fraction from a carbon-rich light fraction. The carbon-rich light fraction is supplied for energy utilization and the low-carbon fraction is intended for dumping or, for example, for road construction.
A method for the processing of light shredder refuse, which occurs during the comminution of metal-containing residues, for example when cars are being crushed, is described in Published, Non-Prosecuted German Patent Application DE 44 26 503 A1. During this processing, after screening there is provision for the separation of pellets, this being followed by classifying in order to separate a very light plastic fraction. The light fraction separated in this case is added to a fuel fraction.
The problem of the known methods is that the separated non-combustible constituent of the pyrolysis residue, despite being classified, has a considerable proportion of carbon-containing combustible constituents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a plant for the processing of residue from a thermal waste disposal plant that overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art devices of this general type, in which the carbon-containing solid fragments are separated essentially completely and reliably in an operation which, in particular, is continuous.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a plant for processing a residue from a thermal waste disposal plant, the residue having a combustible carbon-containing constituent and a non-combustible constituent. The plant contains a first device receiving the residue and substantially separating the combustible carbon-containing constituent from the non-combustible constituent. A second device is disposed downstream from the first device and separates the non-combustible constituent into a small fragment fraction and a large fragment fraction. A third device for dividing up the small fragment fraction is disposed downstream of the second device. The third device has a drum with drivers for separating wire-like constituents from the small fragment fraction, a screening device for separating elongated constituents from the small fragment fraction, and a heavy-fragment separator for separating a carbon-containing light fraction still present in the small fragment fraction.
In the plant, the non-combustible constituent is initially essentially separated from the carbon-containing combustible constituent in a first stage in a way known per se. In a second stage, a small-fragment fraction is initially separated from the non-combustible constituent and, subsequently, a carbon-containing light fraction remaining in the small-fragment fraction is separated.
The invention is based on the essential idea that a two-stage separation of the carbon-containing constituents is necessary for effective separation, since the proportion of carbon in the non-combustible constituent is still relatively high after separation in the first stage. The invention, moreover, proceeds from the consideration that the carbon-containing light fraction is located, above all, in the small-fragment fraction of the non-combustible constituent. The separation of the small-fragment fraction and the subsequent separation of the light fraction ensure essentially complete and reliable separation of the carbon-containing constituents from the residue.
The small-fragment fraction is preferably an inert fraction of the residue, since there is a high proportion of carbon-containing particles in the inert fraction. An appropriate plant for separating such an inert fraction is described in German Patent Application 198 22 991.7, titled “Plant For The Treatment Of Solids”.
The small-fragment fraction often has, in addition to inerts and the carbon-containing particles, other impurities, in particular in the form of small wires, wire pellets or wire fibers. These may have an extremely disruptive influence in the separation of the light carbon-containing fraction from the heavier fraction of inerts and may impede the continuous and fault-free processing of the small-fragment fraction. Consequently, according to a preferred embodiment, the third device, in which the separation of the carbon-containing constituents from the small-fragment fraction is carried out, contains a facility for separating the wire-like constituents and a heavy-fragment separator, which follows this facility, for separating the carbon-containing solids.
The facility for separating the wire-like constituents advantageously ensures that wire-like constituents, which could cause disruption in the operation of the heavy-fragment separator, are not fed to the latter.
Preferably, the heavy-fragment separator has a housing, through which air is capable of flowing and in which is disposed essentially transversely to the direction of flow a grid, at the opposite ends of which are provided a first outlet for the light fraction and a second outlet for a heavy fraction. Preferably the grid is inclined relative to the horizontal.
In the heavy-fragment separator, air is blown through the grid from below, so that the fed solids are suspended above the grid. In this case, the light fraction is suspended above the heavy fraction, that is to say is separated from the latter.
An alternative method to so-called dry separation b
Boretzky Joachim
Ebert Anton
Rhein Winfried Von
Teschers Leonhard
Werdinig Helmut
Greenberg Laurence A.
Locher Ralph E.
Nguyen Tuan N.
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Stemer Werner H.
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