Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
Reexamination Certificate
2001-12-20
2004-06-22
Clardy, S. Mark (Department: 1616)
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
C435S254600, C504S142000, C504S149000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06753295
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a plant activator extracted from a culture of
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain for the purpose of obtaining a substance having antimicrobial properties against filamentous fungi and microorganisms, as well as a process for producing the same.
Further, this invention relates to a method of activating a plant, a plant activation promoter and a method of applying said promoter for the purpose of conferring resistance to disease-causing bacteria on plant roots, stems, leaves etc. by a substance produced by the conidiospores of
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain.
BACKGROUND ART
The Trichoderma genus are filamentous fungi used practically as microbial agricultural chemical for controlling crop damage, and
Trichoderma lignourum
has been registered as an agricultural chemical for controlling tobacco white-silk disease (Agricultural chemical Registration No. 7023). Further, a microbial agricultural chemical (F-stop) comprising
Trichoderma harzianum
as an active ingredient effective against damping-off and seedling withering of vegetables has been registered in England and France.
The necessity for controlling crop damage by agricultural chemical in a smaller amount for maintaining the ecosystem has strongly been advocated in recent years, and in particular a method of biological control is considered to have less adverse effect on the environment, and thus extensively studied.
Some bacteria separated from plant roots and rhizosphere and fungi promote plant growth, and are called “plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)” and “plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)”, respectively.
It is known that the useful microorganism in the rhizosphere, PGPR and PGPF, not only promote plant growth but also control various kinds of crop damages in soil. Recently, it was also revealed that they control not only crop damage in soil but also crop damage over the ground, and it was introduced that the PGPR and PGPF were found to be involved in inducing general plant resistance (“Kongetsu no Nogyo” (Agriculture of This Month), June issue, 1999).
It is reported that bacteria such as Phoma, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium and Sterile, which were separated and screened from the Korean lawn grass, bring inductive resistance against anthracnose in cucumber (“Kongetsu no Nogyo” (Agriculture of This Month), June issue, 1999).
This invention was made to solve the problem of obtaining a substance having antimicrobial properties against plant disease-causing bacteria, and
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 microorganism was separated from soil in the Tokachi District in Hokkaido, Japan. This microorganism has a wide antagonistic spectrum against soil infectious disease-causing filamentous fungi estimated to account for 80% of the plant disease-causing bacteria. This microorganism is now under development as a microbial agricultural chemical (pharmaceutical preparation of the living microorganism) against microorganisms of the genus
Rhizoctonia
causing brown batch and large batch in lawn. The antagonistic action of above-described
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain is to accelerate cytoplasmic aggregation upon contacting with hyphae and coiling thereof, thus killing the disease-causing bacteria. As a result of observation of the outward appearance with time, it is estimated that its activity is brought about upon contacting with hyphae, and is not so high as that of an antibiotic produced by e.g. Penicillium sp. giving rise to a circle of inhibited growth on medium.
Above action of cytoplasmic aggregation is consider to bring about a certain kind of substance produced by
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain, and the first object of the present invention is to reveal this substance.
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain used in this invention has been deposited under deposition number “Bikoken Microbial Deposition No. 13327” with the National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan (address: Azuma 1-1-3, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Pref., JAPAN) (deposited date:Dec. 9, 1992, depositary: Hokkaido Green Kosan, Incorporated). The transfer of original deposition to international deposition under the Budapest treaty was requested on Dec. 9, 1992, and said microorganism is given deposition number BP-4346.
The above-described conventional PGPR and PGPF show efficacy for specific plants (e.g. cucumber) against anthracnose. There is some possibility of revealing their effectiveness for other plants against other disease-causing bacteria by improvements of application method e.g. in future, but it is still a problem in future to reveal their effectiveness for specific plants against specific disease-causing bacteria.
However, the thinking form of conventional biological agricultural chemical, that is merely killing disease-causing bacteria tends to chenge the way of providing conferring resistance on the whole of roots and stems of plant. This matter includes an important suggestion about plant cultivation in future.
The present inventors found that
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain is promising the future of biological agricultural chemical through various experiments, and the present invention was completed as a result of further examination of the method, target plants and so on. The present invention is very promising one exerting a great influence on plant cultivation in future, and will undoubtedly serve as an important means to support agriculture in future, etc.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present inventors estimated that the action of cellular aggregation (antimicrobial properties) is brought about a substance produced by
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain, and as a result of cultivation, purification and identification of said microorganism, they could successfully obtain a substance having antimicrobial properties against filamentous fungi or microorganisms.
It was revealed that the formed substance which was obtained by multipying the conidiospores of
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain in the soil for plant cultivation, was activated the roots and stems of various plants and was improved the resistance of the plants. Thereby the problem of the prior art is progressively solved and the practicality is established.
That is, the invention is directed to activator is a plant activator having antimicrobial properties against filamentous fungi, which is a substance extracted from
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain cultured on a solid medium. Another invention is a plant activator having antimicrobial properties against a kind of microorganism (
Staphylococcus aureus
209p), which is a substance extracted from
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain cultured in a liquid medium.
The invention directed to the production process is a process for producing a plant activator, which comprises inoculating
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain onto a solid medium, subjecting it to stationary cultivation at 25 to 30° C. for 7 to 15 days and then extracting to give said activator, and as well as a process for producing a plant activator, which comprises inoculating
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain into a liquid medium, subjecting it to shake cultivation at 25 to 30° C. for 4 to 10 days and then extracting to give said activator.
As the solid medium used in this invention, a rice medium was used. The rice medium is a solid medium composed of 100% rice, 3% soybean cake and 10% sterilized water, and the sterilized water was added to prevent the surface of the medium from being dried during cultivation.
The liquid medium used in this invention was composed of 3.0 to 5.0% glucose, 0.5% polypeptone, 0.8% NaCl, 0.2% yeast extract and 1.0% calcium carbonate.
It was revealed that depending on whether the solid medium or liquid medium is used, a different substance is formed due to the characteristics. The mechanism thereof is not revealed, but a different substance is formed due to the difference action in stimuli and other against
Trichoderma harzianum
SK-5-5 strain and the characteristics on materials constitutin
Clardy S. Mark
Sasaki Yasuharu
Wenderoth Lind & Ponack LLP
LandOfFree
Plant activator, process for producing the same, activation... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Plant activator, process for producing the same, activation..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Plant activator, process for producing the same, activation... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3307589