Expansible chamber devices – With guide or seal on cylinder end portion for piston or...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-09-07
2003-10-14
Lopez, F. Daniel (Department: 3745)
Expansible chamber devices
With guide or seal on cylinder end portion for piston or...
C074S050000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06631671
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to piston-type machines, and particularly to machines provided with a conrod-free mechanism intended for transforming the translational motion of pistons to the rotary motion of an output shaft.
The term “conrod” as used herein means “connecting rod”.
Hereinafter the term “machine” means a device that is capable of performing functions of both an engine and a pump. The term “engine” means a device intended for transforming the energy of a working fluid to the mechanical energy, and particularly internal combustion engines, steam engines, hydraulic engines etc. The term “pump” means a device intended for forcing or compressing fluids by mechanical means, and particularly both pumps for fluids and compressors for forcing compressible media, i.e. gases or vapors.
The inventive solution relates to a piston-type machine in the general meaning thereof, and may be used both in engines and in pumps.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Well-known in the art is the kinematic layout of the slider-crank mechanism, implementing a conrod-free mechanism intended for transforming the translational motion of pistons to the rotary motion of an output shaft. The layout comprises a housing member provided with two cylinders with mutually perpendicular axes; pistons with piston rods; sliders provided on piston rods; slider guide members; a carrier member, and an intermediate member engaged in rotary pairs with rods and with the carrier member.
In the course of reciprocal motion of pistons, the intermediate member pivotally connected to cylinder rods and the carrier member, carries out a complicated plane-parallel motion, thereby providing relationship between the motion of pistons and the rotation of the carrier member, with transformation of the reciprocal motion of pistons to the rotary motion of the carrier member without the use of connecting rods.
The above kinematic layout serves as a base for development of a conrod-free internal combustion engine known as “Balandin engine” (S. S. Balandin, Conrod-free Internal Combustion Engines, Moscow, Mashinostroyenie, 1968, pp.14-15). This engine comprises a housing member provided with cylinders; pistons with piston rods; sliders provided on piston rods; slider guide members each being connected to the housing member and made for displacing a corresponding slider along the axis of a corresponding cylinder; two coaxial carrier members mounted inside the housing member, and a crankshaft disposed between the carrier members, main journals of the above crankshaft being pivotally connected to carrier members, and rod pins, to relevant piston rods.
In the course of reciprocal motion of pistons, the crankshaft that is pivotally connected to cylinder rods and carrier members, carries out a complicated planetary motion by rotating around its own axis and the axis of carrier members, and provides the relationship between the reciprocal motion of the pistons and the rotation of the carrier members, with transformation of the reciprocal motion of pistons to the synchronous rotary motion of the carrier members without the use of connecting rods. Here, the main journals of the crankshaft are moving along a circle with a radius equal to ¼ stroke of the pistons, while pistons and rods connected to the rod pins of the crankshaft are carrying out only.the rectilinear reciprocal motion along the stroke of pistons, without exerting any lateral thrust against cylinder walls. This mechanism may be used not only for internal combustion engines, but also for driven compressors, pumps, piston gas generators, and other piston-type machines. The engine with a similar kinematic layout is also described in SU, A1, 118471.
In the course of practical implementation of the above devices, there occurs the problem of design of guide members that would permit, when assembling the engine, to adjust these guide members to a position ensuring a coordinated motion of pistons inside cylinders and sliders/rods in the guide members without any distortions and jamming of the mechanism. This problem acquires a critical importance from the standpoint of the technological effectiveness of assembling of a piston machine, particularly a multicylinder piston machine.
Also known in the art is a piston-type machine disclosed in the specification to SU, A1, 1216271. This machine comprises a housing member provided with cylinders and having an axial hole; liners mounted inside the cylinders; pistons with piston rods, disposed inside the liners; sliders provided on piston rods; slider guide members each provided for displacement of a corresponding slider along the axis of a corresponding cylinder; two coaxial carrier members mounted inside the housing member, and a crankshaft disposed inside the axial hole of the housing member between the carrier members, main journals of the above crankshaft being connected to carrier members, and rod pins, with relevant piston rods. Slider guide members are made integrally with the liners and constitute an extension of the internal surface of the liner. That is, each of the guiding surfaces for a corresponding slide comprises a structural member of a corresponding liner, in which the guiding surface for the slider constitutes an extension of the internal surface of the liner.
The reciprocal motion of pistons in this known piston-type machine is transformed, through the rods with sliders moving within guide members, to the planetary rotary motion of the crankshaft that is pivotally connected to the rods and carrier members. The planetary motion of the crankshaft causes synchronous rotary motion of the carrier members. During machine operation in the engine mode, the power may be picked up from any carrier member or from an additional shaft being in kinematic relationship with the carrier members and providing synchronization of the rotary motion of the carrier members.
In this case, guide members for sliders are made non-adjustable. The accuracy of location of the guiding surfaces is ensured in the process of liner manufacture, since the slider guide members are made integral with the liners, constitute the extension of the liner internal surface, and are made in a single run.
However, in this embodiment of the piston-type machine the distance between the guiding surfaces restricting the displacement of each slider should not exceed the diameter of liners since the guiding surfaces of sliders constitute the extension of the liners internal surfaces comprising guiding surfaces for the pistons. From this, it follows that in the above design which inevitably provides the planetary motion of the crankshaft within the limits of the distance between the guiding surfaces of sliders, there exist restrictions for the eccentricity of a crankshaft, and hence for the stroke length of each piston. This circumstance substantially restricts the possibilities of using the above design in piston-type machines since it does not permit to provide a required ratio between the cylinder.diameter and the value of piston stroke length. It is of special importance in the designs of internal combustion engines, and particularly in diesel engines.
Known in the prior art are designs of piston-type machines provided with adjustable guide members of piston rods. Thus, known in the art is a crank mechanism of a piston type machine, disclosed in SU, A1, 1513259. This mechanism comprises a housing member with a cylinder; a piston with a piston rod; a slider provided on the piston rod; a slider guide member connected to the housing member and provided for slider displacement along the cylinder axis; a carrier member; and a con-rod pivotally connected to the slider and to the journal of the carrier member. Naturally, in a multipiston machine the above crank mechanism is repeated for each piston group. The slider guide member is shaped as a platelet mounted on the housing member for displacement and fixation in a selected position by means of screws and nuts. Suspended from this platelet by means of bolts and disk springs is a clamp member provided with solids of
Burt Pamela S.
Lopez F. Daniel
Weiner Irving M.
Weiner & Burt, P.C.
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